Website Review of SAAMI Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Site Review of SAAMI - Assignment Example This page additionally has various features on key occasions and exercises held by the establishment with connection to the use and the executives of guns. In the â€Å"Who we are† interface, the site investigates the specialized boards included, the lawful and authoritative perspectives, the administrative issues, the universal and issues identified with the United Nations. It likewise investigates the inward issues about SAAMI, just as its key objectives, which incorporate expanding its open perceivability as specialists inside the field, distribution of relevant arrangements and gauges about SAAMI, production of a stage or gathering for presenting suitable new strategies and standard and support of in fact right norms identifying with execution, wording, wellbeing and compatibility. Furthermore, another key objective of the establishment is to turn into the main organization in the worldwide specialized asset, particularly comparable to issues relating to makers of ammo and guns. The crucial this establishment is to proclaim and make execution, specialized, just as security gauges overseeing the business in guns, parts, and am mo. Under the data and particulars, â€Å"info and spec† connect, the site investigates different issues among them cartridge and chamber drawings, news plans and corrections, SAAMI and ANSI norms, distributions, recordings, item manuals, glossary, pull back formulae and lead versatility. Each area under this classification gives top to bottom data and examination with respect to the factor under investigation. Thusly, every new client of guns gets an incredible tonnage of data from this site. The â€Å"Member Companies† connect investigates the various individuals and autonomous association that structure some portion of the organization.

Explore how the theme of hunting is used in “Lord of the Flies” and why this is central to the boys’ changing behaviour

The topic of chasing is repetitive all through the novel, and is utilized to follow the kid's plunge into brutality. It begins as a need and basically a methods for getting food, a typical need that the young men all offer and advantage from. Nonetheless, it before long transforms into a devoted lifestyle which partitions the eventually executes individuals from the gathering. The restrictions and rules of society are detracted from the young men abrubtly and all of a sudden, and toward the starting it is clear that they don't generally have the foggiest idea how to respond to this unexpected difference in way of life. In any case, as the book advances the kid's newly discovered opportunity, combined with their adolescence and their fustration with being caught on the island shows in a primitive fixation to chase. Golding depicts the craving to chase and execute as a crude urge which lies lethargic in every one of us, yet can assume control over when in an unnurtured and intemperate condition. It appears to articulate itself in every one of the young men at various purposes of the novel; at Simon's demise, even Piggy and Ralph got themselves â€Å"eager to partake in this hysterical yet mostly secure society†, where â€Å"the want to crush and hurt was over-acing. I think this is one of Goldings primary good messages, not to let your primitive impulses or the attitude of the individuals around you to degrade away from your ethical feeling of what's good and bad, and at last it is this lethal defect and the â€Å"darkness of man's heart† which prompted the defeat of the island. This drop from human progress into viciousness is followed by the movement of chasing, and the change of characters in the novel. While Ralph and Piggy stay enlightened embassadors of lawfulness, Jack and different young men continuously become increasingly more unsettled with each chase. Toward the starting Jack and Ralph were ethically and morally substantially more comparative, yet he before long gets fixated on the viciousness and greatness that chasing involves, and his appearance and conduct reflect this plummet into brutality. For instance, Jack's once guiltlessly â€Å"freckled† face becomes darkened by a veil that â€Å"repelled them†. This demonstrates lost personality, and sheilded by the veil he feels calm to submit deeds of anonymous vindictiveness against those with which he was once companions. Moreover, Jack's personality obviously vanishes totally when he loses his name. He is presently so far separated from the existence that he used to lead that he chooses to not comply with the utilization of a forename, and rather answers just to â€Å"the chief† †a to some degree inborn expression which proposes mediocrity and accommodation. This inability to comply with the standard desires for society is proposed from the get-go in the book, when on presentation Jack states â€Å"Why would it be advisable for me to be Jack? I'm Merridew. † The manner in which each character responds and reacts to Jack and his developing clan and chasing fixation, is critical to how they will win in the novel, and it is around the rationale of chasing and the unmaintainable harmony among it and â€Å"building shelters† that the principle bunch division is framed. For instance, Jack as head of ensemble falls naturally into the situation of leader of the trackers. Unconsciously to him and the remainder of the gathering, this underlying taste of intensity and savagery will prompt the arrangement of his savage clan and the uncouth lifestyle they wind up receiving. Opposingly, Ralph's negative reaction to chasing is a sign concerning how he will hold his level head and his mental soundness all through the book. The possibility that Jack and his young men chase to murder pigs is exceptionally demonstrative of how occasions will unwind, and when Jack's hunger for brutality can never again be fulfilled by the slaughtering of a pig, they move onto who they esteem as the most unhuman and contemptible individual from the gathering, Piggy, who following quite a while of being contrasted with a pig, is executed in a similar way as one. There are matches drawn between the vast majority of the primary characters and the movement of chasing, and Golding utilizes this to assist the peruser with tracking the improvement of them and the novel.

The Life Philosophy Of Friedrich Nietzsche Essays (1823 words)

The Life Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche annon Conceived: 1844. Rocken, Germany Kicked the bucket: 1900. Weimar, Germany Significant Works: The Gay Science (1882), Along these lines Spoke Zarathustra (1883-1885), Past Good Evil (1886), On the Genealogy of Morals (1887), Significant IDEAS Self double dealing is an especially ruinous trait of West Culture. Life is The Will To Power; our common want is to overwhelm and reshape the world to accommodate our own inclinations and declare our own solidarity to the fullest degree conceivable. Battle, through which people accomplish a level of intensity equivalent with their capacities, is the essential truth of human presence. Beliefs of human equity propagate average quality - a reality that has been misshaped and covered by current worth frameworks. Christian profound quality, which distinguishes goodness with quietness and servility is the prime offender in making a social atmosphere that ruins the drive for greatness and self acknowledgment God is dead; another period of human innovativeness and accomplishment is at hand. - Great Thinkers In The Western World. By: Ian P. McGreal, 1992 Prelude Much data is accessible on Mr. Friedrich Nietzsche, including numerous books that he thought of himself, during his philosophical profession. I took this as a decent sign I would discover a wellspring of illuminated material delivered by the man. I've needed to experience my very own touch philosophical reflections to put my own worth decisions aside, and really search for the commitments Nietzsche provided for theory. A lot of my comprehension came simply after I had a grip of Neitzsche's history; in this way, I urge you to peruse up on his history before jumping into his way of thinking (see Appendix I). The current Westerner may differ with each part of his way of thinking, yet there are numerous things one should tragically concede are valid (just on the off chance that you set your profound quality aside). In this way, from here, I will introduce his commitments to reasoning, and give a valiant effort to erase my own sentiments, other than to state that he was not the picked subject of this paper out of any profound respect. THE PHILOSOPHY OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE Now and then way of thinking is called immortal, inferring that it's exercises are of incentive to any age. This might be difficult to see in Nietzsche's work; yet, we are guaranteed that it was suitable idea for his time. Notwithstanding, even Nietzsche's faultfinders concede that his words hold an evident truth, as hard for what it's worth to acknowledge. Maybe this is the reason his work is ageless, and has endure 150 years in print. Christianity God is Dead! reported Zarathustra (better known as Zoroaster), in Neitzsche's proudest book, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-1885). In contrast to numerous rationalists, Nietzsche never attempted to demonstrate or refute the presence of God, simply that faith in God can make affliction; and to persuade that most elevated accomplishments in human life depend on disposal of God. Regardless of whether God existed had no pertinence in his objective. Declaration of the demise of God was a major fixing in the revaluation of qualities Nietzsche upheld. Nothing has accomplished more than Christianity to dig in the ethical quality of unremarkableness in human awareness. Christian love lauds characteristics of shortcoming; it causes blame. Noble cause is simply instructing scorn and retribution coordinated toward respectability. Faith in God is an instrument to carry accommodation to the person of respectable character. - F. Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Saint Morality Nietzsche had a perfect world as a top priority, with a perfect government and a perfect God: the Overman or Superman. These Gods were a result of regular choice, or social Darwinism. He felt, emphatically, that any sort of good restrictions upon man would just substitute the method of The Overman. The Will To Power, his most grounded instructing, implied that The Overman ought to and would do anything conceivable to pick up force, control and quality. In the event that one indicated the littlest piece of shortcoming or profound quality, he would be executed by the more grounded Overman, and dominated. In this manner, the headway of The Master Race (Nietzsche's Master Race will be examined later). Not humanity, yet superman is the objective. The absolute last thing a reasonable man would attempt is improve humankind: humanity doesn't improve, it doesn't exist - - it is a reflection. ... his superman as the individual rising problematically out of the soil of mass unremarkableness, and owing his reality more to ponder reproducing and cautious sustain than to the risks of common choice. Ace Race Nietzsche is regularly alluded to as a pre-Nazi mastermind, by his vision of The Master Race. He was, indeed, a prime effect on the composing of Hitler's most noteworthy men, and cited in Hitler's addresses. In any case, his compositions were generally taken outside the realm of relevance, since he

Macbeth symbolism Essay Paper Example For Students

Macbeth imagery Essay Paper In our general public, obscurity will in general be the essential quality of malice. A dark feline, a dull and blustery night, and a dim rear entryway, for example, are on the whole cutting edge images of insidiousness and malice. Creators ordinarily will utilize these and different images to portray an underhanded character or setting. William Shakespeare utilizes the symbolism of murkiness all through his play of Macbeth. He utilizes dull pictures regularly to depict instruments of confusion and the wrongs which characters follow up on. In Macbeth, Shakespeares utilization of the evenings dull hours give a feeling of fiendishness to the play. The words, activities, and portrayals of individuals, for example, the witches, Macbeth shows this, and even of different characters who are believed to be against all detestable. Detestable is available all through the play, when there is no light, and Scotland is secured by a sorry excuse for obscurity. In Macbeth, the witches are a prime wellspring of obscurity. As a matter of first importance, the spot and time of the witchs gatherings all interpretation of the sentiment of obscurity. The main occasions of their gatherings are in the night, and frequently in horrible states of thunder and lightning. The witches meet in a dim cavern. The cavern is a proper setting for the witches since caverns are dinky and bleak, and will in general speak to the thoughts of the black market and hellfire. From the conditions and the area that the witches meet, a sentiment of underhandedness is as of now made. The presence of the witches additionally adds to the sentiment of murkiness and shrewdness. The witches are portrayed as being, mystery, dark, and 12 PM witches! by Macbeth himself (Act IV, I, 47). The picture today of a witch is an old, appalling lady who dresses all in dark, and has a mole on her nose, and rides around on a broomstick. The image hasnt changed a lot, aside from the reality sh e currently rides around on a brush. Witches despite everything practice their enchantment, throwing spells and hexes, investigating the future, and making magical mixtures, everything that show insidiousness. Banquo even alludes to the witches as instruments of dimness (Act I, iii, 125) after their first prescience works out. The witchs dull gathering spot and dim appearance all underline their insidious nature and the sentiment of underhandedness in the play. Evening time is clearly a key setting for haziness and underhandedness. Other than the witches meeting just around evening time, the dim hours likewise have other significant occasion which occur in the play. The killing of King Duncan happens around evening time. By and by, evening time is a host for the most insidious of deeds. Passing is by a wide margin one of the most despicable acts, and the way that it happens around evening time connects it to murkiness speaking to malicious in the play. Macbeth decides to kill the lord around evening time since it is the most covering time to do it. Everybody has resigned to their chambers and is dozing when Macbeth goes to do is insidious act. He can sneak into the rulers room and murder him without waking anybody, and rapidly washes his hands and comes back to his own room. When Macduff and Malcom wake the manor, Macbeth has just unclothed himself to look as though he were simply awakening from the disturbance. At the point when the King i s found dead, all meets in their night robe and nobody is associated with being conscious and slaughtering the King. Lets quickly put on masculine status, and meet I th corridor together, says Macbeth to put separation among him and the homicide. Obscurity and the evening time, for this situation, help Macbeth to shroud his shrewd activities. .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae , .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .postImageUrl , .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae , .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:hover , .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:visited , .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:active { border:0!important; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:active , .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8eb62ef0 dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8eb62ef0dbfbe7cdbec8d30f10be08ae:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Cantebury Tales EssayNighttime is likewise the time wherein Banquo is killed. Banquo and his child must leave one day from Scone, however will make it back in time for Macbeths feast. As far, my ruler, as I will top off the timeI must turn into a borrower of the night. For a dull hour of twain, Banquo says to Macbeth, expressing his goals. At the point when Macbeth hears that Banquo and Fleance will be getting back around evening time, he commissions two killers and says to them The second ont; fortress must be done tonightOf that dull hour. Resolve yourselves separated. Macbeth tells the killers that Banquo must be slaught ered that night in obscurity, when nobody else will see. This is a particular reference to dull associated with the malicious demonstration of homicide. Banquo and his child come riding that night, and the professional killers murder Banquo, yet Fleance get away. In Macbeth, different characters use references to murkiness to get over their point that something abhorrent is grinding away. At the hour of the obscuration the day in the wake of King Duncans murder, Ross says, Threaten his wicked stage. By the clock, tis the day, And yet dim night chokes the voyaging light. Ist evenings prevalence, or the days disgrace, that dimness does the substance of earth bury, when living light should kiss it? By this, Ross is binds the shroud to the homicide, saying that night mortifies the day from the activities that occurred in Macbeths mansion. Scotland is additionally portrayed similar to a dim spot when heavily influenced by Macbeth. Malcom portrays it as covered in dimness in Act IV, after he escapes to England to get away from Macbeths oppression. Under Macbeths administration, Scotland is loaded up with murmurs, and moans, and screams, that lease the air, all signs that something unpleasant has encompassed the nation and its pioneer (Act IV, iii, 168). Macduff portrays Scotland as O country hopeless! (Act IV, iii, 103). These depictions of Scotland depict it as a spot where the specialists of obscurity have covered the land. The dim pictures in Macbeth depict a feeling of abhorrence all through the whole play. The witches are the exemplification of abhorrence, and their appearance and their social occasions show their dimness. Being mystery and dark witches, their abhorrent nature is additionally demonstrated. The time where the witches meet additionally shows how obscurity speaks to abhorrent. This is the place night becomes an integral factor. The witches consistently and just meet around evening time, and night is additionally when two killings happen, Duncans and Banquos. Due to the dimness of night, it is the ideal time for someone to conceal his works of abhorrence. Also, in view of the abhorrent demonstrations against the ruler, as indicated by Ross, there was a shroud. It happened on the grounds that the night disgraced the day from the homicide of Duncan. Later on, after Macbeth takes the position of authority, Scotland is by and by in murkiness. Not from the shroud or the standard dusk, but sin ce of Macbeths overbearing and malicious ways. This is clarified by Malcom and Macduff, however later finished by the pair. Shakespeares symbolism of murkiness all through Macbeth adds extraordinarily to the component of underhandedness in the play. In the words, activities, and portrayals of the characters in the play, Scotland turns into an extremely dim spot, constrained by shades of malice all around. The dim pictures in the play total the feeling of insidiousness and make a scary inclination all through the play. Book reference:

Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity

Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity February 03, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a neurological disorder that causes a range of behavior problems such as difficulty attending to instruction, focusing on schoolwork, keeping up with assignments, following instructions, completing tasks and social interaction. Problems Often Associated With ADD ADD may also involve  hyperactivity with  behavior problems. In addition, students with ADD may have learning disabilities and are often at risk for repeated disciplinary problems in schools. In fact, adults and peers alike may conclude that such students are lazy because of their inattention to tasks and failure to follow through with assignments. While ADD is extremely common, misperceptions about the disorder continue to circulate. How ADD Differs From ADHD ADD is a term used for one of the presentations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It is officially, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation. ADD does not manifest itself in the same way that ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type or ADHD combined type do. Students with these presentations have different symptoms. Children with the other two presentations of ADHD, for example, tend to act out or exhibit behavior problems in class. Children with ADD are generally not disruptive in school. They may even sit in class quietly, but that doesnt mean their disorder isnt a problem and that theyre not struggling to focus. In addition, not all children with ADD are alike. Types of ADD and ADHD Common Characteristics Children with ADD without the hyperactivity component may appear to be bored or disinterested in classroom activities. They may be prone to daydreaming or forgetfulness, work at a slow pace and turn in incomplete work. Their assignment may look disorganized as well as their desks and locker spaces. They may lose materials at school and at home or misplace schoolwork and fail to turn in assignments. This can frustrate teachers, parents and result in the child earning poor marks in class. Behavior intervention may counter the childs forgetfulness. Diagnosis If you suspect your child has ADD with or without hyperactivity, talk to your childs school counselor, teacher or physician about appropriate treatment. If you have any concern, begin these discussions today. Your pediatrician may recommend seeing a child psychologist who can do formal testing on your child to both see if she fits the criteria for ADD, and where she happens to be on the spectrum. Not only can this testing help differentiate ADD from other issues which may be causing difficulty with school work, but can be used to follow a childs response to interventions over time. Treatment ADD is sometimes treated with stimulant medications such as Ritalin. In some cases, stimulant medications can help students with ADD stay on-task and focused. However, some stimulant medications have been associated with serious side effects. As a result, many parents hesitate to use Ritalin, Adderall or other medications to treat ADD. Whether or not parents choose to medicate their children, most physicians and child psychologists suggest that a behavior intervention plan should be developed to help teach kids adaptive behavior skills and reduce off-task and inattentive behaviors. This may be even more helpful than drug use, especially because some students diagnosed with ADD or ADHD actually dont have these conditions but behave as if they do due to personal or family problems. Behavior intervention plans can help students with problem behaviors, whether they actually have ADD or exhibit ADD-like behaviors. Certainly, there is an advantage of behavior intervention plans long term, as these adaptations may result in permanent improvement in concentration skills which medication cannot provide. Fear of Labeling Some parents of frightened that if they have their child tested for ADD she will be labeled. As a parent, however, you can do a lot to prevent this from happening. Its important to talk to your child so that she knows she is not doing anything wrong in struggling with ADD, but instead, that it is up to you as a parent to help her learn the skills that will help her learn as easily as possible given her unique makeup. A Word From Verywell A diagnosis of ADD does not mean you are committed to treating your child with medications (as you may be led to believe based on how prevalent this has become). There are many different approaches involved in treating ADD only one of which is medications. Early intervention can prevent the disorder from taking a detrimental toll on a childs life.

Discussion Post #1 Media effect in Hegemony and Change - 275 Words

Discussion Post #1: Media effect in Hegemony and Change (Essay Sample) Content: MEDIA EFFECT IN HEGEMONY AND CHANGE Student name Institution Date MEDIA EFFECT IN HEGEMONY AND CHANGE Hegemony can be defined as dominance, influence or the overbalancing weight of one person or a group of people over the others. The media has affected dominance (hegemony) and change in culture(Vianney, 2015). This paper focuses on the TED talk by Johanna Blakley on social media regarding gender. It also explains how the media has had an impact on the society and how it has made changes. Being dominant in a culture enables one to be able to make or change rules and laws. Also, it gives one authority over others. The media, as illustrated by Johanna, will help the society change their assumptions, views or stereotypes about gender. Therefore, hegemony in culture will enable the dominant group tobe able to change and modify existing thoughts, ideas or behaviors about certain beliefs(Blakley, 2010). This is the role of hegemony in a culture. Some of these cultural beliefs illustrated include the thought that people can be placed in certain categories demographically based on age and gender. Also, a beliefthat one can be able to understand what people like and love by being able to study the demographic structures. These beliefs have been reinforced by the old type of media. The media has placed people in different categories,and they have assumed that if one falls in a certain category, then their tastes on the types of shows they like are determined (Blakley, 2010). In the recent past culture has changed in the following ways; people identify themselves more according to what they like and what they love watching or doing at their free time rather than their age, gender or workgroups in the society and so on. More women between the age of 15 and 55+ dominate the media more than men. But today, some of the personnel of the media companies have powerful ratings,and they still use rigid categories to identify someone by what they like(Blakley, 2010). This has become an obstacle that the cultural gatekeepers pose to cultural change Some of the audience profiles like age, race/origin, gender,and attitudes may not challenge the hegemonic forces that are present in the culture today. But some profiles like; theacademic level of learning and the environmental structure and attitudes like what someone likes/ love doing or viewing may challenge the hegemonic forces. The attitudes and profiles of someone can be assumed ...

Plank, Einstein and Black Body Radiation - 1400 Words

Plank, Einstein and Black Body Radiation. Part 1. Trace the development of the understanding of â€Å"black body radiation† and assess Einstein’s contribution to quantum theory with particular reference to it. Some recent scientific discoveries have been developed during periods of war and have not necessarily been of an altruistic nature. Discuss Einstein and Plank’s differing views of the role society and politics played in scientific research. Towards the end of the 19th century physics was mostly thought to be at an apex. One man at the time, William Thomson Kelvin [cited by Glen Elert in The Physics Hypertextbook], said along the lines of â€Å"There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.† This statement was to quickly become fiction with the beginnings of the 1900s. Two major problems in physics were still apparent; Theories on the luminiferous ether. That is the understanding that light is a wave, waves require a medium therefore, in the case of light from the sun, something must exist between in order to have its light reach Earth. This was believed to be some luminiferous (light-bearing) ether. But the properties of this ether were contradictory and beyond 19th century physics. The other problem was the complete inability of electromagnetic theory to predict the characteristics of thermal radiation. It was to be that out of this issue that the revolutionary development of quantum mechanics would occur sendingShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Positive Relationship Between Science and Religion6961 Words   |  28 Pagesstem cell is less rigid than previously thought yet not nearly as flexible as an embryonic stem cell however there is an added bonus as the use of adult stem cells avoids the potential problem of their rejection from a foreign body since they are transplanted into the same body. Due to this research and the limited success that it has enjoyed so far, many religious organizations, such as Evangelical Christian and Lutheran groups, are amending their stand on stem cell research and one of the most notableRead MoreCommon Laboratory Operations5997 Words   |  24 Pagescurrent, and led to all important discoveries of the use of electricity. The unit o f measuring electromotive force (emf), Volt(v) is named after him. He also proposed the law that the air expands at a constant rate with increasing temperature. Albert Einstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1879-1955) German mathematical physicist. Famous for the theory of relativity. Motion is relative and there fore, can be measured only in relation with something else. According to him, the only unchanging quantity is the speed of light.Read MoreEdexcel AS Physics in 100 pages19416 Words   |  78 Pages........................ 16 Newton’s Second Law ................................................................................. 16 Newton’s Third Law .................................................................................... 17 Free-body diagram ....................................................................................... 17 Centre of gravity centre of mass .............................................................. 18 1.4 Motion in two dimensions—Projectile motion

The Leadership Intervention Strategies For Rebuild Team...

Situation Karina Chen, who leads an organization called Chen Shan Lawyers, the law firm by which I had been employed as a paralegal, was responsible for leading one of the teams that mainly handled criminal and family law matters. Nevertheless, while failing to discern the importance of building positive relationship with team members, maximizing the output of the team seemed to be the only thing she encouraged and valued. As a result, the team had suffered from low morale and there was no trust between Karina and the team members. Complication Poor team relationships are undoubtedly detrimental to team productivity and possibly overall organizational performance (De Dreu and Weingarten 2003). As a team leader, Karina should never underestimate or avoid the challenge of maintaining and improving team cohesiveness in the workplace. The following will therefore critically evaluate the leadership intervention strategies available for Karina to rebuild team morale and effectiveness. Resolution In order to ameliorate such a situation, it is essential for Karina to recognize and interpret the nature of the obstacle and then implement corresponding intervention strategy (Joshevska and Petkovski 2014). According to the team leadership model, Karina was confronted with a team performance problem that requires internal relational leadership actions to be taken (Northouse 2015). Those actions may include ‘reconnecting with the team by regular contact and communication’ and ‘buildingShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Change : Organization Development ( Od ), And Emergent Change1628 Words   |  7 Pagesapply to change approach in effectively. Therefore, this essay will examine the definition of leadership and change develop and then critically evaluate planned change, organization development (OD), and emergent change. Comparison and implementation these three approaches will be in the last. 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It begins with an explanation of the term strategy and offers a basis for how to identify a company’s particular strategy. Next, it explores the importance of striving for competitive advantage in the marketplace and examines the role strategy plays in achieving this advantage. The chapter then explores the idea that strategy is partly proactive and partly reactive. Next, a discussion on strategy and ethics is given. This is followed by a closeRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmarketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature of strategy The marketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiii 1 3 3 7 11 19 37 41 43 45 45 50 53 70 71 75 77 79 79 80 81 86 88 89 101 102 104 107 109 Stage One: Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain ConductingRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSummary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce

Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis - 853 Words

America’s history is overrun with oppression and injustice based on race, ethnicity, and other traits that innocent victims have no control over. As a result, the reputation of the United States is forever tainted by it’s dark past, and still practices these surviving habits of hatred. Civil liberty issues faced since the establishment of the country have yet to be resolved because of the ever-present mistreatment, corruption in positions of authority, and the dehumanization of minorities. The poor treatment of women and people of color is a main reason why these past issues are still present in the United States today. In Frederick Douglass’s speech given on July 5, 1852, he expresses his opinions of America’s Independence Day and how†¦show more content†¦In Susan B. Anthony’s speech, she reasons that the constitution grants these rights to not just male or white male citizens, but to â€Å"the whole people†(Source E) making the pur pose of voting to serve as a means to â€Å"secure the blessing of liberty†(Source E) for oneself, and Anthony believed everyone should have an opportunity to participate. The pathos emotion in her diction moves the listener to feel what she was feeling, insisting that â€Å"women are citizens†(Source E) just like men. Hence, many women and people of color in the U.S. find themselves having to stand up to the authorities or the government to explain that they deserve to exercise the same liberties given to everyone else, sometimes in vain. In her speech, Anthony has to do just that, convince her listeners throughout her speech that she in fact committed no crime at all, but simply â€Å"exercised her citizens rights†(Source E). In order to do this, he even went as far as saying that laws that limited women and other minorities voting capabilities was a â€Å"violation of the supreme law†(Source E). Moreover, the modern day voting system reflects, under cl oser inspection, that the power does not truly lie with the people, but only with the representatives elected by the people-- which impedes on the civil liberties of the entire country. Such corrupt systems of government imposing laws limiting the freedom of particular groups further prove that civil libertyShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis930 Words   |  4 Pagesknown slave author and orator, Frederick Douglass, in his narrative, â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave† alters the way people view slavery. Douglass’s purpose is to convince the audience that slavery should be abolished. He creates a haunting tone in order to persuade the readers that slavery is wrong. He uses many real life accounts of horrifying instances of beatings, murders and torture to prove that slavery is unjust. Douglass illustrates many emotions in hisRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis905 Words   |  4 PagesNoted abolitionist Frederick Douglass, in his self titled slave narrative addresses the indescribable sadness that the slaves were experiencing, which they portrayed through song. He intensely describes the emotions that he hears within the songs of the slaves. In the passage Douglass shows how the slaves believe that they feel, versus how they really feel, and he does this this by changing the tone throughout the passage. He uses these tones to make the reader fully feel the helplessness that theRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis885 Words   |  4 Pages In the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† it shows all 3 rhetorical appeals (Ethos, Pathos, Logos) which are found in all forms of writing, speeches, movies, television shows, and life within itself. Frederick Douglass used all three of these rhetoric in the narrative to tell about both his life as an American slave and his cause over ten decades ago. He uses these devices to identify himself to the readers, to bring emotion out of the readers, and to persuade the readers. Read MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesorganized conspiracy to oppress, rob, and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe†- Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass is a remarkable figure when it comes to describe and expose the outcome of the oppression in the black race since memorable times seen and experienced through the centuries expressed in slavery, racism and mistreat. In â€Å"The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro†, Douglass states the values of not only a race but a human being in his speech, by allowing himself to representRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass866 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass was an abolitionist, a human rights activist, and a former slave with a lot to say. July 4, 1852, a man was asked to speak at a Declaration signing commemoration event. This man, an African- American former slave steps up on stage and delivers a speech of the century, informing the white crowd of the slaves perspective on the celebration of freedom. In the speech, Douglass claims that the Fourth of July is a day of mourning for current and former slaves instead of the celebrationRead MoreFr ederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1793 Words   |  8 Pages In his memoir, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederick Douglass argues for the abolition of slavery by reminiscing on his life as a slave. He draws attention to the cruelties he and other slaves endure and compares it to the white masters’ humanity. To do so, Douglass also uses the irony of relationships and family in white masters but lack of recognition of such in the slaves. Furthermore, Douglass uses the irony of the use of religion in order to excuse slaveryRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Speech838 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass was a freed slave in the 1800’s who was famous for his ability to read and write, uncommon of a black man at the time. On July 4th, 1852, he gave a speech to citizens of the United States. In this speech, he called out the â€Å"hypocrisy of the nation†(Douglass), questioning the nations treatment of slaves on a supposed day of independence. Frederick Douglass effectively uses rhetorical strategies to construct his argument and expose the hypocrisy of the nation. One of the rhetoricalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Use Of Diction990 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass’ use of Diction Frederick Douglass was a great author who used a variety of literary devices to contribute to his overall writing. One of his main literary elements that he uses is diction. What is diction? According to Merriam Webster’s dictionary diction is the way in which words are used in speech or writing. Douglass’ use of diction helps emphasize key point about slavery that writes about. Also, diction helps to convey the message that Douglass is writing about. DouglassRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1050 Words   |  5 Pagesand hardship. But some, like the slave and later abolitionist Frederick Douglass, rose up from the tribulations of slavery and led the way for progress and change in America. In his autobiography â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, Douglass tells his inspiring yet harrowing story of his life as a slave in Maryland and his escape to freedom in New York and later Massachusetts, where he eventuall y became an abolitionist. Douglass masterfully uses ethos, pathos, and logos to craft his powerfulRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s Romeo And Juliet 1386 Words   |  6 PagesPathos et Logos Frederick Douglass uses both pathos and logos in his Narrative to push his argument against slavery by appealing to the audience’s idea of virtue and stating the harsh facts of the abuse. Douglass knows his audience well, and uses their intense feelings on Christianity to bolster his argument. His ethos is set up on the first page, as he is one that was directly abused through the process of slavery. Douglass uses the rest of the book to instill in the reader through his expert use

The Human Rights Act 1998 And Tort Law - 1940 Words

The Human Rights Act 1998 and Tort Law are seen to be together in â€Å"overlapping ways † as Franà §ois du Bois explains. In this essay we will begin by looking at the introduction of the Human Rights Act, and the claims in negligence against public authorities. Then we will look at the different views as to the remedies, whether Tort law and the Human Rights Act, should be used together and developed together, or should be used separately in a claim in negligence against a public authority. The introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998, as Oliphant and Lunney describes it â€Å"creates a new statutory remedy against public authorities for violating of the specified Convention rights† . Section 7 of the act requires that any individual that brings a claim against public authorities must be a victim. A victim under the Human Rights Act â€Å"refers to the person who could bring a case under the ECHR. Victims must be directly affected or be at risk of being directly affected by the act in questions. Victims can include†¦relatives of the victim where a complaint is made about death.† . An example of this would be the case of Rabone v Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust in which Melanie had in the past attempted to commit suicide on several occasions. After the most recent attempt she was admitted to the hospital where they observed and tested her. Two days after, she was released for two days home visit despite her tests indicating her being at high risk of attempting suicide again, which isShow MoreRelatedTrespass1218 Words   |  5 PagesOVERVIEW OF THE TORTS COVERING TRESPASS TO THE PERSON * DEFENCES TO TRESPASS TO THE PERSON * ALTHOUGH NOT A PART OF TRESPASS TO THE PERSON WE WILL ALSO ASSESS THE RULE IN WILKINSON V DOWNTON 1. OVERVIEW The aim/s of these torts: Protection from personal interference / protects your bodily integrity and your liberty. The trespass torts are actionable per se (there is no need to prove damage). A trespass to the person may well also be a CRIME and criminal law cases can be helpfulRead MoreEmployment Law Case Presentation and Analysis Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesdoctrine of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1964, Section 2000e-2, para. A, cited in Colorado State University-Global Campus, 2014b, p. 5), and invasion of privacy or intrusion (defined as â€Å"[i]ntrusion is an invasion by the defendant of plaintiff’s seclusion in a manner objectionable to the average person† (Colorado State University-Global Campus, 2014a, p. 2)) or a violation of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1996 (ECPA) (Colorado StateRead MoreImpact Of The Human Rights Act 1998 On Clinical1924 Words   |  8 PagesImpact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on clinical (medical) negligence Tort law is a considerably old branch of English law, covering a wide range of areas within such as defamation, nuisance, trespass and, most importantly, negligence. The latter set out the modern concept of negligence by means of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. Furthermore, in twentieth century a number of fundamental elements were established in negligence, elevating its significance above all other areas of tort law. Most problematicRead MoreThe Duty Of Care On Public Bodies1196 Words   |  5 PagesAn explanation will be made on how the current law addresses the imposition of a duty of care on public bodies. An evaluation will then be made to determine whether the duty of care the police owe to protect individuals from a known threat should be legally recognised. The common law duty of care was established in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (HL) and refined in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 (HL). Any party including public authorities may owe a duty of care to another ifRead MoreThe English Common Law System1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe English common law system is obliged to comply with the rights and obligations under the Human Rights Act Convention. Even though they are not bound by it has been advised by the House of Lords to harmonise or comply with the Conventions, on a equivalent basis which is â€Å"no more, but certainly no less†. The Convention does not guarantee damages for violations that have occurred between private parties, it only protects them against the public authorities, thus only binding states. Generally theRead MorePublic Bodies And The Law Of Negligence1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"treated differently† from individuals in law in relation to the question of liability for negligent acts . This essay shall discuss the reasoning underlying the general principle suggesting that public bodies should not be held liable when exercising their statutory functions under the law of negligence for material loss. The essay shall first consider the law applicable to ‘Public Bodies and the Law of Negligence’. This section shall examine the law of negligence and discuss some of the salientRead MoreHow Laws Are Made and Classified805 Words   |  4 PagesThis assignment will demonstrate how laws are made and the number of ways in which laws are classified. Goodey et al. (2008 p.6) states that ‘law can be defined as a set of rules created by the state which forms a framework to ensure a peaceful society. If the rules are broken they can be enforced by mechanisms created by the state and sanctions imposed.’ Law is made through constitutions that give people rights but also imposes responsibilities. An example of this is the legal case of MillerRead MoreThe Development of the General Concept of the Duty of Care Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Development of the General Concept of the Duty of Care It has been said many times that the [duty of care in the] law of negligence develops incrementally so that the fact that there is no reported case succeeding against the police similar to the present one is not necessarily a sufficient reason for striking out. Lord Slynn of Hadley, Waters v Commissioner of Police [2000] 1 WLR 1607 atRead MoreLegal systems: Duty of Care and Negligence1175 Words   |  5 Pagesthe concept of duty of care and its connection to negligence serve a key role in the society. Tort law provides for legal processes following acts of negligence that exhibit duty of care. The underlying liability in negligence, however, is limited because duty of care must be justified before the courts. Acts of negligence could result in many different forms of harm or injury. Under the common law, acts of negligence could result in physical injury, psychological harm or economic loss. These outcomesRead MoreProfessional Engineering And The Laws1040 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Engineering and the Laws The role of the professional Engineer entails a legal aspect that he or she is compelled to comply with in the execution of their responsibilities. The relevant statutes and regulations were adequately addressed in the case of â€Å"The Walkerton Inquiry†. These statutes and regulations include standard design approaches, management of water resources, construction of infrastructure and operation for the provision of quality and safe drinking water. The responsibility

Pitfalls of Targeting the Global Youth Segment of Mtv Free Essays

Market Entry and Expansion When entry a new market, especially to China, exporting is a good choice. There are many forces that lead us to choose the exporting. It involves more risk and investment as the firm sets up its own presence in the host country but the potential return is also greater. We will write a custom essay sample on Pitfalls of Targeting the Global Youth Segment of Mtv or any similar topic only for you Order Now When choosing exporting as the market entry mode, there are many advantages and disadvantages exist: Advantages Exporting can minimizes risk and investment. Since the industry and the head quarter are at the home country, it can decline the risk and investment in other counties. It just need one thing—export. In addition, exporting can also maximizes scales and use existing facilities to expend the market. When we develop the industry in other countries especially a new environment, there are many conditions that we are not sure, we can use the existing resource to save the investment and minimize risk, that’s why exporting can be benefit for developing a new market. Disadvantage There still some disadvantages of exporting. Firstly, the company may be viewed as an outsider and it can not be accepted easily in a new environment, we should look into the consumer, and make it out what customers’ need. Another disadvantage is that exporting need a lot of tariff costs and a high level of barriers to entry the new market. Because of the exporting, the corporation may spend a lot of fund on exporting, at the same time, there are many differences between the two countries, just like culture, custom policy and so on, they are all the restrictions when entering a new market. In the next five years, the corporation will become more and more mature, and we should change the way of the market entry. At that time, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a suitable way to operate the industry in a foreign market. Since we have been there for almost five years, we have enough fund to set up new company there. FDI can be benefit to the development of the company. It can gets greater knowledge of the local market so that we can know better of the consumers’ needs. What’s more, the company can be considered as an insider which is a good opportunity to get closer to the consumers. The most important reason is that FDI can minimize knowledge spillover, it is save for the company developing out of the home country. Country-of-origin The origin of the product is Belgium which is a developed country, it will leave a good impression on the consumer. Codiva is also a famous brand of the whole world, it is beneficial to the corporation to marketing the product. Consumer Ethnocentrism and Consumer Animosity When marketing the product, ethnocentrism is not important and effective to the consumer, the product should harmonize the local culture which is easy to accept to the consumer. Animosity is also a force we should consider. Choosing a foreign market without animosity will helpful to develop the industry, and decrease the barriers of entry. Summary According to the whole report, we have concluded the details of the description of the nature of the product, service and environment justification for country recommendation. To develop the industry maturely and successfully, we indicates the competitor identification. When setting up industry outside the home country, we analysis both of the current and the future scheme in order to make a bright development for the corporation. Customer is the most important element in the market, we made a deep understanding of them to know what they need. Then market segmentation, target marketing and positioning analysis can be beneficial to us to make the company more hopeful and promising. At last, international marketing mix and other international marketing related factors have mentioned to make a plan to the company. We have totally analysis the whole factors that related to the company in order to develop the industry more successfully outside the home country. How to cite Pitfalls of Targeting the Global Youth Segment of Mtv, Papers

Nature of Public Administration free essay sample

Before we discuss about the meaning, definition, nature, scope and importance of public administration we will try to know what is administration, organisation and management. As these terms are often used interchangeably and synonymously, it is pertinent to know the differences and distinctions between these three terms. According to William Schulze Administration is the force, which lays down the object for which an organisation and its management are to strive and the broad policies under which they are to operate.An Organisation is a combination of the necessary human beings, materials, tools, equipment and working space, appurtenances brought together in systematic and effective co-relation to accomplish some desired object. Management is that which leads guides and directs an organisation for the accomplishment of pre-determined object. To put the above in simple terms, administration sets the goal, management strives to attain it and organisation is the machine of the management for the attainment of the ends determined by the administration. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Public Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some scholars have a different view about the administration and management. According to Peter Drucker management is associated with the business activity, which has to show economic performance, whereas administration is associated with the non business activities like activities of the Government. The other view is that administration is associated with performing routine things in known settings in accordance with certain procedures, rules, and regulations.The Management is associated with performing functions like risk taking, dynamic, creative and innovative functions. Some scholars of Public Administration are closely associated with the first view that is, administration is a determinative function. Management, on other hand is an executive function that is primarily concerned with carrying out the broad policies laid down by the administration.

Marketing & Advertising Law Free Solution for Students Click Now

Question: Discuss about the marketing advertising law. Answer: Introduction The modern businesses demand high magnitude of market engagement through the means of advertising and marketing. Seldom, does a business stand a chance, if the proper provision of Marketing and advertising are not put in the perfect slot prior to the reach of the larger market. As with the global observance on the campaigns and marketing efforts, it is estimated that significant amount of the drastic environmental effects caused through the extensive methods used in Marketing. Marketing is essential for the growth and the penetration of the products but it has created immense problem for the environment and the same has been put to debate over and over again. However, the regional influences have been the prime factor that has emerged as the guiding factor in the recent times. This can be best cited with an example and to provide an apt example the Australian Consumer Law will be taken into consideration and Kmart Corp will be discussed. Australian Consumer Law The Australian Consumer Law is legislation for consumer protection that commenced from January 2011. Unlike the United States, the Australian law has the strict venture in the consumer domain, S18 ACL, comprised in Schedule 2 of the act, prohibits the conduct by the corporation in the trade that has misleading or deceptive information. Moreover, recent advertisement efforts have been reviving on the issues that portray larger and provocative inputs through the marketing means worldwide (Intini Kuhtz, 2010). Hence, the Australian laws have been one of the better fronts in dealing with the issues. It has been noted that Green Marketing came into existence in the 1980s and 1990s when the Government and regulatory bodies were being more open to the exploitation of freedom of reduced coverage on Marketing regulations. Plans, tools, and inspiration branding on a sustainable note are the new rules for Green Marketing (Angelos et. al, 2011). Hence, the needs of the global reference to deal with such efforts are proving more rapid since more companies are gauging on the marketing options all around the world. Example Kmart Corp. had advertised biodegradable American paper plates wheresas, Tender Corp. had advertised biodegradable wet wipes for Bath, and Dyna-E had represented its towels as biodegradable product in the market. The factors were found to be untrue in later contexts of the marketing efforts by the companies. The factors were could not be found genuine and it was just to enhance the image of the product in the market. Though actions were taken, the larger vagueness of the infrastructure was visible. One of the other examples that depict the manifestation of Marketing Machines can be seen in contemporary campaigning in the United States of Reverend Billy and his backing up of the choir of the church of Stop Shopping. Using theater nonviolent direct action, and the protests of every kind, Bill Talen became a Public figure (Angelos et. al, 2011). The fallacy of the whole incident is the lack of focus on the marketing objectives as perceived of the campaigning efforts. However, few of the governmental effort has been the highlights worldwide to inhibit and control such kind of irrelevant and deviated outcome of Marketing., For instance, Certification was one of the primary projection of law that was made mandatory in certain countries followed by many more countries , especially in Europe. Certification is a market-based tool for and social and environmental change and is dependent upon companies and consumers sharing the common values and goals articulated in certification standards and guidelines (Johansson, 2002). As with the statement that defines the certification attribute, it is evident that all the marketing efforts are exposed to a certain degree of sophistication mainly that arises due to non-compliant groups involved in the production and circulation of marketing methods. Need and issue of Marketing and Advertisements Hence, the need of renewing and remaking the advertisements does not aid the environmental development that is the primary aim of the whole reformation pact being put forward. Green innovation can be specifically segregated into green products, as well as processes that include technological innovation that are reverent for the designing of green products, utilizing the energy efficient, recycling of waste, and technological parameters to avert the pollution (Chen, 2006). As observed, it is recommendable that the companies should undertake products and processes innovation to lessen the influence of the product and services on the environment (Intini Kuhtz, 2010). Green innovation is a big landmark and is highly recommended so that it provides immense stability to the overall business. The major issue that arises from the contextual references to the varied cases of malignity in the implication of Marketing efforts has put more reverence to the role of Government in the regulation of activities which otherwise has no effective regulatory norms. The government should Green advertising should be used by the government for promotion of the concept of green environment to enhance the awareness level so that environment can be protected. the environment (Nick, 2010). Hence, the need for an extra edge of reverence from the authorities is indeed the need of the time. It aims to provide development and balanced growth. Regulatory push is vastly needed to ensure that the results do not deviate and the companies follow the rules with proper reverence (Nick, 2010). Green Marketing Case Laws The landmark efforts that cover all scenario of product management, the performance and influences have been shown that the innovation of green product has positive effect on the performance of the firm and competitive capability (Paulette, 2005). On the contrary to the statement, the Private organizations generally tend to be profit driven and lack of primary regulatory methods fail to control the initial sections of companies and corporation , where the process of regulation could be yielding. But as with positive aspects portrayed, there are good chances of the awareness campaign by the authoritative agencies could be successful in implementation in the larger scope of Green Marketing. The government can implement the strategy of green advertising to enhance the concept of green environment in the context of environment protection (Abd Rahim, Ahmad Zukni, Ahmad, Lyndon, 2012).Especially in cases of multi-national companies who might spread all over but fails to cope with the inte gral part of laws that operate in each of countries under the reference. However, the introduction of Australian Consumer Law in 2011 has led to protection of consumer in Australia under one roof. Section 18 of ACL has replaced section 52 TPA. From the organizational point of view, there are not many negative influences that inhibit the growth aspects of the product or the company, since there is more international recognition and attributes that reside with Green Marketing. The firms can thereby enhance the inclusive performance of the environmental and total efficiency of the business by implementing the standard clause of ISO 14001 EMS. Amongst the benefits are perceived are; enhance the strong corporate image, reduce waste, minimization of costs, increasing satisfaction of the customer, enhancing productivity, enhanced goodwill, increased market share, and overall profitability.( Fotopoulos, Kafetzopoulos, 2011). Hence, it is evident that the laws in place are the only process of the conveyance of the rightful attributes with Green Marketing. It was held in the case of Taco Co vs. Taco Bell that conduct needs to be determined and tested to ascertain whether it is misleading or deceptive. It is noticeable that marketin g depends on the parameters of regional importance and the local governments should be active in the guidance through a corrective manner. Though, the vague operating efforts of Marketing with multinationals and conglomerates have been one of the larger issues that are uncontrollable with initial effects. These are escalated due to the various inclusive parameters that are either comprised of the reorganizations or the regulatory bodies that fail to efficiently include the transitional efforts. Another apt example is the case of ACCC vs. Charishma Mohini Wickremesesinghe Seneviratne where step was taken against Sevens International Ltd because of misleading concept under section 52 after the company advertised a fact that Safety Nature nappy were 100% biodegradable. However, it is noticeable that supported aspects of the green products, methods, as well as services have become major strategies of the business that are influenced by the factors of competitive issues and requirements of the customer (Posmas et. al, 2011). Hence, there are obvious reasons for successful implementation of the process if taken actively by the government and related bodies. Conclusion However, the larger observance of the need of law is just because, the current infrastructure does not put the emphasis on Environmental responsibility to all the organizations that operate around the world. Rather, much of the government regulations are limited to industries and other kinds of reserves. Hence, the only propaganda is awareness since there are more factors involved that do not directly come under the scope of governance. Green innovation is chiefly responsible for the development of a new product (Grundey Zaharia, 2008). The strength of the global competition and alterations in the preferences of the consumer based on greener prerogatives force the need of new product development that refers the development of green product. Thereafter environmental new product development (ENPD) is initiated that gather the issues of the environment into the design of the product (Shel,2013). Thus, re-designing products that are existing by utilizing the natural resources, productio n parameters, materials, and other disposables, with the goal to lessen the affect on environments can even be tagged as a green product. On the Contrary, the use of the term eco-design while providing explanation of the product is that to stress minimized Environmental influences without the compromise on the product criterions, like the quality and inclusive performance. (Shel, 2013). Hence, conclusively, there are collateral benefits from Green Marketing that are not being put forward , but the prospects remain with laws that could drive the need for an effective practical approach to the Environmental challenges being faced in the planet today. References Angelos L. Psomas, Christos V. Fotopoulos, Dimitrios P. K. (2011). Motives, difficulties and benefits in implementing the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 22(4), 502 - 521 Belz F., Peattie K. (2009). Sustainability Marketing: A Global Perspective. John Wiley Sons Chen, Y., Lai, S., Wen, C. (2006). The Influence of Green Innovation Performance on Corporate Advantage in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 331-339 Grundey, D. and Zaharia, R.M. (2008). Sustainable incentives in marketing and strategic greening: the cases of Lithuania and Romania Baltic. Journal on Sustainability, 14(2), 130 143 Intini, F. and Kuhtz, S. (2010). Recycling in buildings: an LCA case study of a thermal insulation panel made of polyester fiber, recycled from post-consumer PET bottles. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 12(6), 122-141 Johansson, G. (2002). Success factors for integration of ecodesign in product development. A review of state of the art. Environmental Management and Health Levinson, J.C Horowitz, S. (2010). Guerrilla Marketing Goes Green. John Wiley Sons Nick R. (2010). The New Rules of Green Marketing: Strategies, Tools, and Inspiration for Sustainable Branding. Retrieved June 5 2016, Paulette T. (2005). How to Market Goods As Environmentally Friendly. Retrieved June 5 2016, Psomas, E. L., Fotopoulos, C. V, Kafetzopoulos, D. P. (2011). Motives, difficulties and benefits in implementing the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 22(4), 112-132 Shel H . (2013). Marcal Rebrand Lets the World Know That It's Always Been , Green.

Essay Sample - What Is A Free Download Sample Essay?

Essay Sample - What Is A Free Download Sample Essay?There are lots of benefits that a student can have from a free download sample essay. This type of essay can help students have good academic performance in various areas of their studies and it is also an important part of university entrance exam.It is also very important for a student to have proper grades on their university entrance examination. This can help them get their rightful place at university. A free download sample essay is available on different websites and these essays are written by professionals who are very much knowledgeable about the subject and are capable of writing interesting essays which are informative.This kind of essay has been proved to be very useful in providing answers to various different questions about different subjects. An exam can also be turned around, if a student has answered all the questions properly. The entire process of taking an exam can be made easy if the student knows how to writ e an intelligent essay.This essay can also be written in good spelling skills. The essay can be very helpful for every student as a good essay is often enough to impress the examiner and one can easily answer many of the questions with the help of a good essay. The essay is an important part of the university entrance examination and it is also considered as a reflection of the academic background of the student.A writing sample of an essay is given for every college admission examination like this and the success of the student is proved when he/she answers to the right question correctly. A good quality essay can help one to stand out among others and this is very much important for students who want to get good marks in their college entrance examination. In fact, a quality written essay can also turn around the entire process of taking the college entrance examination.It can help a student to hone his/her skills in writing a perfect essay very easily. A quality essay will not on ly look good but it can also help to get good marks in one's college entrance examination. The essay should be able to answer the questions very quickly and can also use the power of an essay which is the ability to reflect well on the exam.Essays can also be written which are interactive and can help to make a student to understand the subject better. So, for students who want to have the best possible marks in their college entrance examination then a sample essay can be of great help.

A Runners Guide to Writing

A Runners Guide to Writing Writers, Even though it may cut into your writing time, picking up a running habit can help you become a more motivated, disciplined, and well-paid writer. Heres my advice for running and writing: 1. Just thinking about it doesnt get you anywhere. With both running and writing, you have to actually do the work, and not just think Boy, I should really do some work today. In both running and writing, its easier to keep up your pace and good habits when youve got plenty of momentum. If you need a little help getting started, Fitness Magazines Running 101  guide is a great place for beginning runners to get their bearings. 2. Consistent work is required to make progress. You are never going to beat any personal bests when it comes to running speed unless you run on a regular basis. Likewise, you arent going to finish that novel without putting in regular effort. If you go too long between sessions, itll almost feel like you have to start from scratch. 3. It doesnt have to be a solo pursuit. Some athletes prefer to run alone, but others prefer to run with a group. Likewise, while writing does require some degree of isolation, you can find the support you need to keep you motivated through social connections. Try doing a work-in-progress readings at your local bookstore, or workshopping your piece with a local writers group. 4. Youll hurt yourself if you go at it too hard. Run too long or too hard, and youll risk an injury. Carpal tunnel jokes aside, this applies to writers as well, who can burn themselves out when working under a tight deadline. Even marathon runners take a break the day after a race: If you can bang out 40 pages in one day, thats awesome, but give your brain (and your fingers) some time to recuperate afterwards. 5. Do it, rain or shine. Once you have a streak going, you wont want to break it. A little rain shouldnt stop you from running, and it will even make you feel happy on a dreary day. Likewise, forcing yourself to write a page or two on a day when you mental weather is a bit gloomy is a great way to feel like youre in control of your future as a writer. Once youve developed discipline, its almost like the work does itself. Ill always remember the day I went out on a casual jog, looked down at my phone, and saw Id run a 10k without even trying to. Likewise, with disciplined writing habits inspired Picked up a running habit? Write about your experiences for one of these fitness magazines: Runners World Submission Guidelines TrailRunner Magazine Submission Guidelines Canadian Running Submission Guidelines Womens Running Submission Guidelines Womens Adventure Submission Guidelines

Why Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Essay Example

Why Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Essay Example Why Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Essay Why Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Essay Why most worlds seek beauty is every bit interesting as it is deep. In order to contemplate why most worlds seek beauty. I had to look at what is â€Å"beauty† . To inquire what is beauty. I had to look where beauty can be found. After reflecting on this very inquiry. I found in my thought that beauty could be found in every individual thing that exists. by at least person. Not merely on a physical plane but besides on a non-physical plane. Could I be so bold as to state that beauty is what people refer to as God. or all that is. and that people seek God or â€Å"beauty† to happen significance or confirmation of their very being? Although many can hold on certain things as being beautiful. beauty is genuinely in the oculus of the perceiver. If what is beautiful to one may non be beautiful to another so beauty can be described as an sentiment. One can hold an sentiment and another can hold. nevertheless. both are sentiment. So what is beauty? How and why do worlds seek beauty? If I can easy come to a decision that beauty is every bit single as we are human. Then I had to inquire myself how do we see beauty. Is it experienced through our sense of sight? We experience a beach. or mountain as being a beautiful thing we are looking at. Yet the reply is non so simple. Why is that beach or mountain beautiful? What about the things that happen to us that can be merely as beautiful? I think that when we experience beauty. we experience beauty through all of our senses based on the significance we put behind our thought of its beauty. Does this mean that people seek out that which is meaningful to them and happen that beautiful? In the book â€Å"Catch a Fire† . a life on the life of Bob Marley by Timothy White. I found illustrations of my thought. After Bob Marley recorded and released his first vocal. he spent most of his rewards playing his vocal for three hebdomads in a local nickelodeon until the tradesman removed the vocal because he was ill of listening to it. Bob thought hearing his music on the nickelodeon was beautiful. The tradesman did non see or experience the beauty Bob Marley felt. I can associate to both sides of this coin. I have excessively experienced the beauty in making music and the bang of listening to my music on the wireless. It was genuinely a beautiful thing to me because I had reached a end and that made me experience good. On the other manus. holding been in the music concern. I have been handed many a demo tape. which is a sample of someone’s music. I can state you foremost manus that I felt like that tradesman. I did non see the beauty or experience the same exhilaration as the instrumentalist. To state you the truth. sometimes it was reasonably painful to listen to these. Then I had to make up ones mind how I was traveling to interrupt the intelligence to the instrumentalist that I didn’t portion the beauty in his music. I am certainly many did non portion the beauty I saw in my ain music either. Another illustration from â€Å"Catch a Fire† is Bob Marley’s female parent Cadella. She saw Bob Marley her kid. as beautiful. I think that every female parent in the universe can associate to seeing her kids as beautiful. I can’t think of a more beautiful thing than my kids. Mother’s see the beauty in their kids because they love them unconditionally. Even after the tests and trials of raising your kids. the relationship may alter but the bond does non. No affair what. that beauty neer slices. When you have a kid it is like falling in love like neer earlier. So do we seek beauty to fall in love and the feeling we get from that connexion? We can see that people do seek out beauty in connexion with person or something. One of the most beautiful things in life is to see person that is connected to their passion. whatever that passion is. This beautiful connexion produces the tallness of one’s part to the universe through the action of their love of something and thereby linking or placing with others that portion the same passion or a â€Å"lover† of their plants. Peoples seek beauty and connect with one another. Connection is a basic human demand of all people. conditions it is the connexion with another human being. an art piece. a musical composing. a message. themselves. The list is eternal on the how. why. and what people find a connexion to. The most complete account of why worlds seek beauty could be found in the significance we put behind something taken in by the oculus or head. the feeling we get by seting a significance in a idea or experience that feels good. a linguistic communication that speaks to our psyche that we can place with that can bring forth life-transforming pleasance. We worlds seek beauty because it gives us pleasance and puts us in a province of cloud nine. Seeking beauty is the route to felicity.

Human Resource Management PT 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Management PT 4 - Essay Example Secondly it states the functions of the advertised position, this is usually the lengthy part and details what the job really is all about and can be quite particular .The third importance is that it contains attributes that are required for that particular job and provides some of the insights into what kind of work environment an employee is trying to maintain. This part also details any educational or technical requirements that may be desired or important (Philip, 1989). The fourth importance of a job description is that it stipulates clearly particulars on the one to report to and organizational structure. The fifth importance specifies the criteria for evaluation and helps clarify what is really important both for the employee and the organization. The sixth importance helps the employee understand the type and span of compensation including the benefits to be derived from the post and finally the seventh importance is all about physical surroundings and location of the place of work. Apart from the above, job descriptions also assist organizations to better understand the skill base and experience required to improve the victory of the company. They assist in recruiting, hiring, evaluating and possible termination of employees. Job descriptions are valuable because they save time, are useful in aspects of labor management and as crucial references if an applicant, government or employee agency disputes a hiring or some additional employment decis ion (Sharon, 2008). A sample job description of my previous job is that of a registered nurse and is as follows; identification of patient care needs by establishment of personal rapport with possible and real patients and other individuals in a capacity to comprehend care needs. Establishment of a compassionate atmosphere by provision of emotional, spiritual and psychological support to patients, families and friends. Promotion of

Semi-formal report assignment about Physiotherapy Essay

Semi-formal report assignment about Physiotherapy - Essay Example Physiotherapy is now a widely used treatment for many problems and health care areas, which can include orthopedics, neurology, chest, pediatrics, gynecology and geriatrics, nephrology, cancer, sports, post cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery (Burnett, 2006, pp 2 and 3). Through the use of different techniques, physiotherapy aims to improve the functioning of the different malfunctions of the body and help in the recovery processes due to illness or injury (Kumar, 2005, pp 6). The key areas therefore, where physiotherapy is utilized includes prevention of injury from taking place in susceptible individuals, acute care, rehabilitation in various illnesses and injuries, maintenance of functional mobility or best achievable health in at risk patients such as the elderly or patients with chronic illnesses, for patient and carer education, and occupational health respectively (Kumar, 2005, pp 6, Burnett, 2006, pp 4). The type of work leads to many applications of physical therapy. Phy sical therapists may be involved in providing general public information about how to maintain the correct posture or life heavy objects without hurting self. They may be involved in educating pregnant women about how to maintain their body balance and ways to maintain their postures (Burnett, 2006, pp 3 and 4). They are actively involved in caring for a rehabilitation of children with various mental or physical retardations. Providing rehabilitation to patients with various illnesses as mentioned above are also another key area of their services. The locations for carrying out physiotherapy can range from hospitals to rehabilitation centers, to private clinics or home visiting teams respectively. The physiotherapists are able to carry out these treatments through a range of techniques, which include manipulation and massages, exercise, hydrotherapy, vibration, ultrasound, and the use of infrared and ultraviolet radiation respectively (Burnett, 2006, pp 4). BACKGROUND The origins of physiotherapy are uncertain, for methods such as massage and heat therapy was utilized by people for long time to treat various muscular injuries. However, the true scope of physiotherapy probably emerged during the Second World War, where soldiers were the first to experiment the use of it (Kumar, 2005, pp 6). The effectiveness of these methods led to more research and innovation, with the result that physiotherapy gradually came to be known as a separate entity in medical and allied health fields. This led to the creation of first ever diploma and degree programs specific for physical therapy (Kumar, 2005, pp 6). Some claim that the origins of various techniques such as massage therapies and hydrotherapeutics were invented and utilized by the Chinese for as long as 3000 BC (Dreeben-Irimia, 2010, pp 3). Ancient China, India and Greece have been involved in utilizing its various forms and methods for quite some time, as evidenced by their ancient medical texts (Dreeben Irimia, 2010 , pp 3). A common confusion in this regard is the difference between physiotherapy, osteopathy

Difficulties Of Rene Descartes Cogito

Difficulties Of Rene Descartes Cogito The most important contribution of Renà © Descartes in the history of Philosophy is his cogito. In the same way, however, the cogito has also been the most critical problem of his philosophy. This essay will focus more on the difficulties of the cogito. But first, on the side of the cogito: one importance of the cogito is that it is the byproduct of the Method, which is another contribution of Descartes not only in modern philosophy, but also in the field of science. The origination of the cogito from the Methodic Doubt is quite anticipated: all prior knowledge and truths must be erased, unless they are indubitable. In other words, all knowledge and opinions are subjected to examination, whether they can survive the test of doubt. Descartes, having found the fact (or act) of his doubting indubitable, hence maintains the fact that his existence enables his doubting (or thinking) as a clear and distinct idea, and thus the conclusion: Cogito, ergo sum: I think, therefore I am. We understand therefore that the cogito is a product of deduction or inference. However, as I have said, the cogito is quite anticipated. This is because the rules of his Method lay down an algorithm that has a quite predictable result, as if laying down a theore tical step-by-step means to prove something that is already true. The cogito is also considered a product of intuition and not of deduction. However, as far as methods of analysis are concerned, Descartess Method and cogito are valid. Moreover, insofar as the solipsistic argument, the cogito is a rather fair argument. By this, I mean that the cogito is a solipsistic truth, or a belief in the self as only reality or basis of reality. When Descartes has proposed that all knowledge and opinions must be cleared off the mind (or must be brought into doubt), there is still in Descartes the belief that the only thing he can be sure of is that he exists. He cannot deny the fact that he exists, even if the very idea of his being is most accessible via experience (hence, this he must doubt also). Thus if Descartes denies his being in the first place, his cogito will never materialize as a basis for truth. But since Descartes adopts a solipsistic view, he is safe from committing contradiction. To put simply: insofar as the I is concerned (the I, which thinks and doubts), the I exists. Nevertheless, Descartes paradox, which is the cogito itself, is not an absolute oxymoron. By the cogito being a paradox, I mean the self-contradictory problem of the cogito; that is, the problem of which came first: the cogito or the sum. Using the Method of Doubt, the cogito seems to go before the sum, since it is the act of doubting/thinking that came before the conclusion for the act of existence. But in the context of Descartes, it is implied that thinking is actually in the context of being. Now the strength of the cogito argument is that it is a closed argument, relying only on the idea that existence constitutes thinking and thinking reflects existence. It is in these strengths of the cogito, however, that it is also problematic. First is on the solipsistic view. The very problem of the cogito here is the question of reality outside the I. Since Descartes uses himself and only himself in his basis for truth, anything outside himself can be doubtful or false, and thus cannot be a basis for truth. Only the thinking I, thus the human person, can prove and claim ones existence. Thus, the other for the thinking I is doubtful, insofar as the I is concerned. The problem is that Descartes is as if denying the existence of animals, plants and other things, since these things do not and cannot think. Moreover, after proving that he is a thinking thing, the next question that arises is: now how do we establish an edifice of knowledge? Descartes takes emphasis on putting a foundation for knowledge by first using the Method, but forgets how to formulate the next set of algorithm once the Method has been applied. The problem of the solipsistic ar gument of the cogito is that nothing more exists outside the selfs being a thinking thing. It only proves the existence of oneself insofar as the thinking I is concerned, and does not prove the idea and the existence of other things other than the self. Besides, other Is can think of me a mere fiction. In the problem of the solipsistic argument of the cogito, however, the idea of a Perfect Being other than the thinking self exists. Descartes said that since he is cogito (thinking/doubting thing), he is therefore an imperfect being. But since he is imperfect, he has an idea of a perfect thing, which can come only from a Perfect Being, which is God. Nevertheless, nothing more exists outside the thinking self aside from the self itself and God. Now the second weakness of the cogito is in its contradictory problem. Although the cogito (cogito-sum relationship) is a closed argument (like Spinozas freedom-necessity concept); one cannot ignore to question the validity of its argument. In this argument, whether the cogito conditions the sum or the sum conditions the cogito, the idea of existence is still in danger, because it is subject to doubt. The sum (I am) only works for the thinking I, but existence alone cannot prove thinking. Thus what seemed to be a safe closed argument is not free of loopholes at all, because existence in general is not enough to prove thought. Nevertheless, the cogito is concerned for the existence of ones being a res cogitans or thinking thing only. Moreover, that material objects exist because of God is another argument that branched out from the cogito. After concluding that the Supreme Being cannot deceive, Descartes proceeds to concluding that material objects thus also exist. However, this only results to another circular argument: cogito presupposes God, which tells the res cogitans that its ideas come from external objects; but then it is from these external objects that the cogito must doubt first before it realizes that it is a res cogitans, then assume the existence of a Perfect Being. Generally, we find Descartess Method of Doubt and cogito weak. The main premise that we cannot distinguish reality from dream is not even strong enough to be a basis for truth. Although Descartes skepticism is optimistic at finding a certain knowledge that we can know of, still it is rather destructive of the foundation of knowledge that is the objective of his skepticism in the first place. The problem is that Descartes proposes arguments for why everything can be subjected to doubt, such as the dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon argument. It is difficult to follow Descartess advice because it is more difficult to prove a negation than proving otherwise (in the case of Descartes proving the negation of knowledge to prove the opposite), since if we convince ourselves with these arguments of Descartes, then we must act and think as if we are experiencing illusions and hallucinations all the time. This is of course difficult for us. In fact one example where we can prove Descartes could probably be right all along that an evil demon is deceiving us (e.g., dwhen something defies the laws of physics) is when we experience a Criss Angel trick. Perhaps we can say that the main problem of Descartess philosophy is both its extreme rationalist and non-rationalist approach. Descratess philosophy is rationalist because it proclaims reason as the only valid criterion for certain knowledge and thus truth. It is non-rationalist, however, in the sense that it somehow forgets other valid functions of the human mind or reason: that is reason as the faculty of mans sentient soul, can, aside from thinking and doubting, imagine, sense and feel.

Individual Differences

http://www. flatworldknowledge. com/pub/1. 0/organizational-behavior/34685#web-34687 Why Individual Differences Are Important: * Individual differences have a direct effect on behavior * People who perceive things differently behave differently * People with different attitudes respond differently to directives * People with different personalities interact differently with bosses, coworkers, subordinates, and customers * Individual differences help explain: Why some people embrace change and others are fearful of it * Why some employees will be productive only if they are closely supervised, while others will be productive if they are not * Why some workers learn new tasks more effectively than others Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA) Cycle * Different people are attracted to different careers and organizations as a function of their own: * abilities * interests * personalities * Organizations select employees on the basis of the needs the organization has * skills and abilities individual attributes such as values and personality * Attrition occurs when: * individuals discover they do not like being part of the organization and elect to resign, or * the organization determines an individual is not succeeding and elects to terminate * Each phase of the ASA cycle is significantly influenced by the individual differences of each person The Basis for Understanding Work Behavior: * To understand individual differences a manager must: 1. observe and recognize the differences and . study relationships between variables that influence behavior Individual Differences Influencing Work Behavior: 1. Hereditary and Diversity Factors 2. Personality 3. Ability and Skills 4. Perception 5. Attitudes Diversity Factors Primary Dimensions (stable) * Age * Ethnicity * Gender * Physical attributes * Race * Sexual / affectional orientation Secondary Dimensions (changeable) * Educational background * Marital status * Religious beliefs * Health * Work experience Abilities and Skil ls Ability – a person’s talent to perform a mental or physical task * Skill – a learned talent that a person has acquired to perform a task KEY ABILITIES: 1. Mental Ability 2. Emotional Intelligence 3. Tacit Knowledge Attitudes * Are determinates of behavior because they are linked with perception, personality, feelings, and motivation * Attitude – a mental state of readiness * learned and organized through experience * exerting a specific response to people, objects, and situations with which it is related Attitudes: Implications for the Manager . Attitudes are learned 2. Attitudes define one’s predispositions toward given aspects of the world 3. Attitudes provide the emotional basis of one’s interpersonal relations and identification with others 4. Attitudes are organized and are close to the core of personality The Three (3) Components of Attitude: 1. Cognition (Beliefs and Values) – My supervisor is unfair. 2. Affect (Feelings and emotions) – I don’t like my supervisor. 3. Behavior (Intended behavior) – I’ve submitted a formal request to transfer. Cognition * What individuals know about themselves and their environment * Implies a conscious process of acquiring knowledge * Evaluative beliefs – favorable or unfavorable impressions that a person holds toward an object or person Affect * The emotional component of an attitude * Often learned from * parents * teachers * peer group members * The part of an attitude that is associated with â€Å"feeling† a certain way about a person, group, or situation Cognitive Dissonance * A discrepancy between attitudes and behaviors A mental state of anxiety * Occurs when there is a conflict among an individual’s various cognitions after a decision has been made Personality * A relatively stable set of feelings and behaviors that have been significantly formed by genetic and environmental factors * The relationship between behavior and personality is one of the most complex matters that managers have to understand * Set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable p attern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment * Some Major Forces influencing Personality 1. Cultural forces 2. Social class/group membership forces 3. Hereditary forces 4. Family relationship forces PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS The Big Five Personality Dimensions 1. Extroversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness 4. Emotional Stability 5. Openness to Experience How to Identify the Big Five Personality Traits * Extraversion * An extravert is talkative, comfortable, and confident in interpersonal relationships; an introvert is more private, withdrawn and reserved. * Agreeableness An agreeable person is trusting, courteous and helpful, getting along well with others; a disagreeable person is self-serving, skeptical and tough, creating discomfort for others. * Conscientiousness * A conscientious person is dependable, organized, and focused on getting things done; a person who lacks conscientiousness is careless, impulsive, and not achievement oriented. * Emotional Stability * A person who is emotionally stable is secu re, calm, steady, and self-confident; a person lacking emotional stability is excitable, anxious, nervous, and tense. Openness to Experience * A person open to experience is broad-minded, imaginative, and open to new ideas; a person who lacks openness is narrow-minded, has few interests, and resists change. * Authoritarianism * the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences. * Machiavellianism * the degree to which someone uses power manipulatively. * Locus of control * the extent to which one believes that what happens is within one’s control. * Self-monitoring * the degree to which someone is able to adjust behavior in response to xternal factors. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) Basic Components * Self-awareness: basis for all other components, being aware of what you are feeling * Self-management: control disruptive or harmful emotions and balance one’s moods so they do not cloud thinking * Social awareness: understand others and practic e empathy * Relationship awareness: connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to emotions of others, and influence others Locus of Control * Locus of control of individuals – Determines the degree to which they believe their behaviors influence what happens to them * Internals – believe they are masters of their own fate * Externals – believe they are helpless pawns of fate, success is due to luck or ease of task * Tendency to place primary responsibility for one’s success or failure either within oneself (internally) or on outside forces (externally) * Internal locus of control- your actions influence what happens to you * External locus of control- represents pawns of fate Self-Efficacy Feelings of self-efficacy have managerial and organizational implications: * Selection decisions * Training programs * Goal setting and performance Behaviors Influenced by Personality Authoritarianism = belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization * Machiavellianism = tendency to direct much of one’s behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for personal gain Individual Differences: Values and Personality ————————————————- LEARNING OBJECTIVES . Understand what values are. 2. Describe the link between values and individual behavior. 3. Identify the major personality traits that are relevant to organizational behavior. 4. Explain the link between personality, work behavior, and work attitudes. 5. Explain the potential pitfalls of personality testing. Values Values  refer to stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them. Values are established throughout one’s life as a result of the accumulating life experiences and tend to be relatively stable. 138]  The values that are important to people tend to affect the types of decisions they make, how they perceive their environment, and their actual behaviors. Moreover, people are more likely to accept job offers when the company possesses the values people care about. [139]  Value attainment is one reason why people stay in a company, and when an organization does not help them attain their values, they are more likely to decide to leave if they are dissatisfied with the job itself. [140] What are the values people care about? There are many typologies of values. One of the most established surveys to assess individual values is the Rokeach Value Survey. [141]  This survey lists 18 terminal and 18 instrumental values in alphabetical order. Terminal values  refer to end states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace. Instrumental values  deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct, such as being honest and ethical, and being ambitious. According to Rokeach, values are arranged in hierarchical fashion. In other words, an accurate way of assessing someone’s values is to ask them to rank the 36 values in order of importance. By comparing these values, people develop a sense of which value can be sacrificed to achieve the other, and the individual priority of each value emerges. Where do values come from? Research indicates that they are shaped early in life and show stability over the course of a lifetime. Early family experiences are important influences over the dominant values. People who were raised in families with low socioeconomic status and those who experienced restrictive parenting often display conformity values when they are adults, while those who were raised by parents who were cold toward their children would likely alue and desire security. [142] Values of a generation also change and evolve in response to the historical context that the generation grows up in. Research comparing the values of different generations resulted in interesting findings. For example, Generation Xers (those born between the mid-1960s and 1980s) are more individualistic and are interested in working toward organi zational goals so long as they coincide with their personal goals. This group, compared to the baby boomers (born between the 1940s and 1960s), is also less likely to see work as central to their life and more likely to desire a quick promotion. 143] Values will affect the choices people make. For example, someone who has a strong stimulation orientation may pursue extreme sports and be drawn to risky business ventures with a high potential for payoff. The values a person holds will affect his or her employment. For example, someone who has an orientation toward strong stimulation may pursue extreme sports and select an occupation that involves fast action and high risk, such as fire fighter, police officer, or emergency medical doctor. Someone who has a drive for achievement may more readily act as an entrepreneur. Moreover, whether individuals will be satisfied at a given job may depend on whether the job provides a way to satisfy their dominant values. Therefore, understanding employees at work requires understanding the value orientations of employees. Personality Personality  encompasses the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has. Our personality differentiates us from other people, and understanding someone’s personality gives us clues about how that person is likely to act and feel in a variety of situations. In order to effectively manage organizational behavior, an understanding of different employees’ personalities is helpful. Having this knowledge is also useful for placing people in jobs and organizations. If personality is stable, does this mean that it does not change? You probably remember how you have changed and evolved as a result of your own life experiences, attention you received in early childhood, the style of parenting you were exposed to, successes and failures you had in high school, and other life events. In fact, our personality changes over long periods of time. For example, we tend to become more socially dominant, more conscientious (organized and dependable), and more emotionally stable between the ages of 20 and 40, whereas openness to new experiences may begin to decline during this same time. [144]  In other words, even though we treat personality as relatively stable, changes occur. Moreover, even in childhood, our personality shapes who we are and has lasting consequences for us. For example, studies show that part of our career success and job satisfaction later in life can be explained by our childhood personality. 145] Is our behavior in organizations dependent on our personality? To some extent, yes, and to some extent, no. While we will discuss the effects of personality for employee behavior, you must remember that the relationships we describe are modest correlations. For example, having a sociable and outgoing personality may encourage people to seek friends and prefer social situations. This does not mean that their person ality will immediately affect their work behavior. At work, we have a job to do and a role to perform. Therefore, our behavior may be more strongly affected by what is expected of us, as opposed to how we want to behave. When people have a lot of freedom at work, their personality will become a stronger influence over their behavior. [146] Big Five Personality Traits How many personality traits are there? How do we even know? In every language, there are many words describing a person’s personality. In fact, in the English language, more than 15,000 words describing personality have been identified. When researchers analyzed the terms describing personality characteristics, they realized that there were many words that were pointing to each dimension of personality. When these words were grouped, five dimensions seemed to emerge that explain a lot of the variation in our personalities. [147]  Keep in mind that these five are not necessarily the only traits out there. There are other, specific traits that represent dimensions not captured by the Big Five. Still, understanding the main five traits gives us a good start for describing personality. A summary of the Big Five traits is presented in  Figure  3. , â€Å"Big Five Personality Traits†. Openness  is the degree to which a person is curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas. People high in openness seem to thrive in situations that require being flexible and learning new things. They are highly motivated to learn new skills, and they do well in training settings. [148]  They also have a n advantage when they enter into a new organization. Their open-mindedness leads them to seek a lot of information and feedback about how they are doing and to build relationships, which leads to quicker adjustment to the new job. 149]When supported, they tend to be creative. [150]  Open people are highly adaptable to change, and teams that experience unforeseen changes in their tasks do well if they are populated with people high in openness. [151]  Compared to people low in openness, they are also more likely to start their own business. [152] Conscientiousness  refers to the degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement oriented, and dependable. Conscientiousness is the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a person’s performance will be, across a variety of occupations and jobs. 153]  In fact, conscientiousness is the trait most desired by recruiters and results in the most success in interviews. [154]  This is not a s urprise, because in addition to their high performance, conscientious people have higher levels of motivation to perform, lower levels of turnover, lower levels of absenteeism, and higher levels of safety performance at work. [155]One’s conscientiousness is related to career success and being satisfied with one’s career over time. [156]  Finally, it seems that conscientiousness is a good trait to have for entrepreneurs. Highly conscientious people are more likely to start their own business compared to those who are not conscientious, and their firms have longer survival rates. [157] Extraversion  is the degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, and sociable, and enjoys being in social situations. One of the established findings is that they tend to be effective in jobs involving sales. [158]  Moreover, they tend to be effective as managers and they demonstrate inspirational leadership behaviors. [159]  Extraverts do well in social situations, and as a result they tend to be effective in job interviews. Part of their success comes from how they prepare for the job interview, as they are likely to use their social network. [160]  Extraverts have an easier time than introverts when adjusting to a new job. They actively seek information and feedback, and build effective relationships, which helps with their adjustment. [161]Interestingly, extraverts are also found to be happier at work, which may be because of the relationships they build with the people around them and their relative ease in adjusting to a new job. 162]  However, they do not necessarily perform well in all jobs, and jobs depriving them of social interaction may be a poor fit. Moreover, they are not necessarily model employees. For example, they tend to have higher levels of absenteeism at work, potentially because they may miss work to hang out with or attend to the needs of their friends. [163] Agreeableness  is the degree to which a person is nice, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm. In other words, people who are high in agreeableness are likeable people who get along with others. Not surprisingly, agreeable people help others at work consistently, and this helping behavior is not dependent on being in a good mood. [164]  They are also less likely to retaliate when other people treat them unfairly. [165]  This may reflect their ability to show empathy and give people the benefit of the doubt. Agreeable people may be a valuable addition to their teams and may be effective leaders because they create a fair environment when they are in leadership positions. [166]  At the other end of the spectrum, people low in agreeableness are less likely to show these positive behaviors. Moreover, people who are not agreeable are shown to quit their jobs unexpectedly, perhaps in response to a conflict they engage with a boss or a peer. [167]  If agreeable people are so nice, does this mean that we should only look for agreeable people when hiring? Some jobs may actually be a better fit for someone with a low level of agreeableness. Think about it: When hiring a lawyer, would you prefer a kind and gentle person, or a pit bull? Also, high agreeableness has a downside: Agreeable people are less likely to engage in constructive and change-oriented communication. 168]  Disagreeing with the status quo may create conflict and agreeable people will likely avoid creating such conflict, missing an opportunity for constructive change. Neuroticism  refers to the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, aggressive, temperamental, and moody. These people have a tendency to have emotional adjustment problems and experience stress and depression on a habitual basis. Peo ple very high in neuroticism experience a number of problems at work. For example, they are less likely to be someone people go to for advice and friendship. 169]  In other words, they may experience relationship difficulties. They tend to be habitually unhappy in their jobs and report high intentions to leave, but they do not necessarily actually leave their jobs. [170]  Being high in neuroticism seems to be harmful to one’s career, as they have lower levels of career success (measured with income and occupational status achieved in one’s career). Finally, if they achieve managerial jobs, they tend to create an unfair climate at work. [171] Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Aside from the Big Five personality traits, perhaps the most well-known and most often used personality assessment is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Unlike the Big Five, which assesses traits, MBTI measures types. Assessments of the Big Five do not classify people as neurotic or extravert: It is all a matter of degrees. MBTI on the other hand, classifies people as one of 16 types. [172]  In MBTI, people are grouped using four dimensions. Based on how a person is classified on these four dimensions, it is possible to talk about 16 unique personality types, such as ESTJ and ISTP. MBTI was developed in 1943 by a mother–daughter team, Isabel Myers and Katherine Cook Briggs. Its objective at the time was to aid World War II veterans in identifying the occupation that would suit their personalities. Since that time, MBTI has become immensely popular, and according to one estimate, around 2. 5 million people take the test annually. The survey is criticized because it relies on types as opposed to traits, but organizations who use the survey find it very useful for training and team-building purposes. More than eighty of the  Fortune  100 companies used Myers-Briggs tests in some form. One distinguishing characteristic of this test is that it is explicitly designed for learning, not for employee selection purposes. In fact, the Myers & Briggs Foundation has strict guidelines against the use of the test for employee selection. Instead, the test is used to provide mutual understanding within the team and to gain a better understanding of the working styles of team members. [173] Positive and Negative Affectivity You may have noticed that behavior is also a function of moods. When people are in a good mood, they may be more cooperative, smile more, and act friendly. When these same people are in a bad mood, they may have a tendency to be picky, irritable, and less tolerant of different opinions. Yet, some people seem to be in a good mood most of the time, and others seem to be in a bad mood most of the time regardless of what is actually going on in their lives. This distinction is manifested by positive and negative affectivity traits. Positive affective people  experience positive moods more frequently, whereas  negative affective peopleexperience negative moods with greater frequency. Negative affective people focus on the â€Å"glass half empty† and experience more anxiety and nervousness. [174]  Positive affective people tend to be happier at work,[175]  and their happiness spreads to the rest of the work environment. As may be expected, this personality trait sets the tone in the work atmosphere. When a team comprises mostly negative affective people, there tend to be fewer instances of helping and cooperation. Teams dominated by positive affective people experience lower levels of absenteeism. 176]  When people with a lot of power are also high in positive affectivity, the work environment is affected in a positive manner and can lead to greater levels of cooperation and finding mutually agreeable solutions to problems. [177] Self-Monitoring Self-monitoring  refers to the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his or her actions and appearance in social situations. In other words, people who are social monitors are social chameleons w ho understand what the situation demands and act accordingly, while low social monitors tend to act the way they feel. 178]  High social monitors are sensitive to the types of behaviors the social environment expects from them. Their greater ability to modify their behavior according to the demands of the situation and to manage their impressions effectively is a great advantage for them. [179]  In general, they tend to be more successful in their careers. They are more likely to get cross-company promotions, and even when they stay with one company, they are more likely to advance. [180]  Social monitors also become the â€Å"go to† person in their company and they enjoy central positions in their social networks. 181]  They are rated as higher performers, and emerge as leaders. [182]  While they are effective in influencing other people and get things done by managing their impressions, this personality trait has some challenges that need to be addressed. First, w hen evaluating the performance of other employees, they tend to be less accurate. It seems that while trying to manage their impressions, they may avoid giving accurate feedback to their subordinates to avoid confrontations. [183]  This tendency may create problems for them if they are managers. Second, high social monitors tend to experience higher levels of tress, probably caused by behaving in ways that conflict with their true feelings. In situations that demand positive emotions, they may act happy although they are not feeling happy, which puts an emotional burden on them. Finally, high social monitors tend to be less committed to their companies. They may see their jobs as a stepping-stone for greater things, which may prevent them from forming strong attachments and loyalty to their current employer. [184] Proactive Personality Proactive personality  refers to a person’s inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo, and use initiative to so lve problems. Instead of waiting to be told what to do, proactive people take action to initiate meaningful change and remove the obstacles they face along the way. In general, having a proactive personality has a number of advantages for these people. For example, they tend to be more successful in their job searches. [185]  They are also more successful over the course of their careers, because they use initiative and acquire greater understanding of the politics within the organization. [186]  Proactive people are valuable assets to their companies because they may have higher levels of performance. 187]They adjust to their new jobs quickly because they understand the political environment better and often make friends more quickly. [188]  Proactive people are eager to learn and engage in many developmental activities to improve their skills. [189]  Despite all their potential, under some circumstances a proactive personality may be a liability for an individual or an organization. Imag ine a person who is proactive but is perceived as being too pushy, trying to change things other people are not willing to let go, or using their initiative to make decisions that do not serve a company’s best interests. Research shows that the success of proactive people depends on their understanding of a company’s core values, their ability and skills to perform their jobs, and their ability to assess situational demands correctly. [190] Self-Esteem Self-esteem  is the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about his or herself. People with high self-esteem view themselves in a positive light, are confident, and respect themselves. On the other hand, people with low self-esteem experience high levels of self-doubt and uestion their self-worth. High self-esteem is related to higher levels of satisfaction with one’s job and higher levels of performance on the job. [191]  People with low self-esteem are attracted to situations in which they will be relatively invisible, such as large companies. [192]Managing employees with low self-esteem may be challenging at times, because negative feedback given with the intention to improve performance may be viewed as a judgment on their worth as an employee. Therefore, effectively managing employees with relatively low self-esteem requires tact and providing lots of positive feedback when discussing performance incidents. Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy  is a belief that one can perform a specific task successfully. Research shows that the belief that we can do something is a good predictor of whether we can actually do it. Self-efficacy is different from other personality traits in that it is job specific. You may have high self-efficacy in being successful academically, but low self-efficacy in relation to your ability to fix your car. At the same time, people have a certain level of generalized self-efficacy and they have the belief that whatever task or hobby they tackle, they are likely to be successful in it. Research shows that self-efficacy at work is related to job performance. [193]  This relationship is probably a result of people with high self-efficacy setting higher goals for themselves and being more committed to these goals, whereas people with low self-efficacy tend to procrastinate. [194]  Academic self-efficacy is a good predictor of your GPA, whether you persist in your studies, or drop out of college. 195] Is there a way of increasing employees’ self-efficacy? Hiring people who are capable of performing their tasks and training people to increase their self-efficacy may be effective. Some people may also respond well to verbal encouragement. By showing that you believe they can be successful and effectively playing the role of a cheerleader, you may be able to increase self-efficacy. G iving people opportunities to test their skills so that they can see what they are capable of doing (or empowering them) is also a good way of increasing self-efficacy. 196] Locus of Control Locus of control deals with the degree to which people feel accountable for their own behaviors. Individuals with high  internal locus of control  believe that they control their own destiny and what happens to them is their own doing, while those with high  external locus of control  feel that things happen to them because of other people, luck, or a powerful being. Internals feel greater control over their own lives and therefore they act in ways that will increase their chances of success. For example, they take the initiative to start mentor-protege relationships. They are more involved with their jobs. They demonstrate higher levels of motivation and have more positive experiences at work. [197]  Interestingly, internal locus is also related to one’s subjective well-being and happiness in life, while being high in external locus is related to a higher rate of depression. [198]  The connection between internal locus of control and health is interesting, but perhaps not surprising. In fact, one study showed that having internal locus of control at the age of ten was related to a number of health outcomes, such as lower obesity and lower blood pressure later in life. [199]  It is possible that internals take more responsibility for their health and adopt healthier habits, while externals may see less of a connection between how they live and their health. Internals thrive in contexts in which they have the ability to influence their own behavior. Successful entrepreneurs tend to have high levels of internal locus of control. [200] Key point: Values and personality traits are two dimensions on which people differ. Values are stable life goals. When seeking jobs, employees are more likely to accept a job that provides opportunities for value attainment, and they are more likely to remain in situations that satisfy their values. Personality comprises the stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns people have. The Big Five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) are important traits that seem to be stable and can be generalized to other cultures. Other important traits for work behavior include self-efficacy, self-esteem, social monitoring, proactive personality, positive and negative affectivity, and locus of control. It is important to remember that a person’s behavior depends on the match between the person and the situation. While personality is a strong influence on job attitudes, its relation to job performance is weaker. Some companies use personality testing to screen out candidates. This method has certain limitations, and companies using personality tests