Drinking Water and Irrigation Water Shortages in the...

One would think there are enough conflicts to be had in the Middle East. The area is simply a breeding ground for turmoil, and has been for centuries. Of the many conflicts that revolve around the areas history, politics, religion, territory or ethnicity, one more can be added to the group: water. These societies all need water, but not all have the same resources to get to that water. What is the hotbed of vice in this situation is only a few of the countries in the Middle East have total control over their own water, leaving most of the others to depend on the graces of those few countries to manage their water magnanimously enough to supply them with what they need. With Turkey and Israel in control of much of the Middle†¦show more content†¦If a river is located in multiple countries, often the country downstream will find itself at odds with the country that is located upstream. According to the Water: fuel for conflict in the Middle East article in the Washington Repor t on Middle East Affairs in July, 2003, it said that generally, the country downstream was better able to utilize the rivers water for agriculture and industry, but saying that, today, newer technologies and techniques give upstream countries more options and are disrupting ancient patterns of water usage, threatening relationships built on these patterns (Washington). The lifeline of Iraq has always been the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, but most of the water from these rivers originates in another country. Eighty-eight percent of the water from the Euphrates River originates in Turkey, with the remainder from two rivers that enter in Syria (Francona). One expert has gone as far to say that 98% of the Euphrates starts in Turkey (Kaya). That leaves virtually nothing added to the river from water in Iraq, meaning that Iraqs supply of water from the Euphrates is totally dependant on the nature of control that Turkey and Syria have over the river. The Tigris largely originates in Turkey as well, supplying as much as 51% of the annual water volume, while Iraq has its only claim toShow MoreRelated Water Shortage in the Middle East Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesWater is the main source of life on the Earth. It is vital for normal existence and functioning of organisms. Earth is sometimes called â€Å"water planet.† But, in fact, the number o f freshwater is limited. â€Å"Only about 2 percent of the planets water is fresh.† (How much water is there on Earth?) This water is not enough even to meet daily needs of mankind. According to World Health Organization, â€Å"a lack of water to meet daily needs is a reality today for one in three people around the world.† (2009)Read MoreWater Shortages and Desalinisation1488 Words   |  6 PagesThe Problem: Water Shortages As the world continues to grow the need for fresh water continues to rising. The current demand for water is ever increasing. In the many places in the world clean drinking water is taken for granted. In other arid places in the world water is a scarce resource. Fresh water sources around the world are being put under intense strains. Fossil water in aquifers are being over pumped. In many cases aquifers may need thousands of years to replenish their reserves.Read MoreWater Scarcity Of Water Pollution1215 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Water is typically refers to a colorless and transparent liquid that forms the world’s streams, lakes, seas, oceans and rain. It is chemically composed of one atom of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, known as (H20). The name. In addition, water is life because it is the major part of the fluids of all living things. www.ecomena.org Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water recourses to meet the demands of water usage within a region. Although the scarcity water is not a problemRead MoreIntroduction: Have You Ever Wondered What Is The One Thing1163 Words   |  5 Pageseight children will die due to a lack of clean water. I. Water facts: A. Statistics: There are 7 billion people in the world. 1 billion do not have access to clean drinking water. 2.5 billion lack access to improved sanitation. 3.5 million, mostly children,  die  annually from  water-related  diseases, making water the leading cause of diseases and one of the leading causes of death in the world. B. What is clean water needed for? Domestic use: drinking, washing, cleaning, cooking. Ecosystems: domesticRead MoreWater Scarcity in India1406 Words   |  6 PagesWater is an essential resource to sustain life. 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We all must work together to find new sources of freshwater so that everyone in the world will have adequate supplies of safe drinking water. This essay will outline current and futureRead MoreThe Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions in the World1348 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions in the world 1.0 Introduction Water is the most valuable and indispensable resource for all forms of life. People need it for every activity: domestic use, agriculture and industry. Access to fresh water is regarded as a universal human right (United Nations Committee in Economics, Social and Cultural Rights, 2003). Drought has become an increasingly important problem in many parts of the world. Water scarcity is most common in arid andRead MoreDesalination1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthat it can be used safely as drinking water both for human and animal consumption. This water can also be used for irrigation or in industries. The need for desalination? Desalination is needed where there is a shortage of natural drinking water due to a lack of water that comes about through rainfall. This is especially so in the Middle East which lies in one of the driest regions of the world. These places with low or no rainfall need to rely on other forms of water provision. It is for thisRead MoreWater Scarcity in History1668 Words   |  7 PagesNatural ecosystems require water for the survival of the plants and animals that live within them. These ecosystems help to regulate water quality and quantity of water. Wetlands hold water in periods of high rainfall, slowly releasing it during dryer periods, and purify it of heavy metals and other contaminants. Forests recharge our groundwater, which can be used elsewhere for drinking or irrigation. (Bergkamp 1) Natural ecosystems can help to prevent floods, provide shelter and millions of peopleRead MoreA Brief Note On The Global Water Crisis2165 Words   |  9 PagesThe Global Water Crisis Water is the most important substance in the universe. Water resources support agriculture, industry, electric power, recreation, navigation, and fisheries. People need it to live and grow food. The availability of water resources and the quality of the water are vital to life and to the world’s economy. Water makes up about 71% of the earth’s surface, but over 97% of all the earth’s water is contained within the oceans as salt water, â€Å"only 2.5% of total water supply is fresh

The Problem Of Shrinking Diversity - 881 Words

INTRODUCTION Imagine the planet Earth without plants or animals. What would it look like? Could humans live and thrive in such a world? What is scary is that in the future, such questions may not just be left to imagination. Humans have undoubtedly been affecting our environments since the beginning of our species from hunting to pollution. Some experts believe that we are now living in the period of the Anthropocene. Meaning, humans are almost solely responsible for the current state of the Earth. The planet Earth is now riddled with problems and impeding dander that, in the anthropogenic view, is attributed to humans. Correcting such problems will take more than a simple solution, if they can be corrected at all. Among the many problems within the Anthropocene, the problem of shrinking diversity poses a tremendous threat to the millions of species on the planet. Reducing the amount of green house gases released is a way to correct the shrinking diversity problem and although this solutions appe ars simple and potentially effective, it is just as riddle with problems like the big problem itself. THE BIODIVERSITY PROBLEM Over the last half billion years on Earth, there has been five mass extinctions which succeeded in wiping out ninety-five percent of the planets species. Some experts believe that we are on the verge of the sixth mass extinction. For example, journalist Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction, believes that humans are â€Å"living in a time of very,Show MoreRelatedWhat Does The Richness And Fullness Of That First Cup Of Coffee?1733 Words   |  7 Pagesleast two hours of sunlight each day (â€Å"Shrinking Shadowland† 60). These are the only requirements nececssary for coffee to grow well. Coffee comes from small green beans that are really pits of a fruit resembling a cherry. The morning coffee poured into a mug comes from a small tree (or bush) that grew for seven years before it bloomed and grew the fruit that held the beans. After one of these trees produced one pound of coffee, its life was over (â€Å"Shrinking† 61). It was in the eighteenth and nineteenthRead MoreThe Effects Of Cognitive Distance On Our Lives939 Words   |  4 Pagesis an outrageous travel just for a couple days. Our grandparents lifestyle of growing up is completely different than the lifestyle we are living in present day. Cognitive distance is the distance people perceive to exist. Cognitive distance is shrinking, the world may seem smaller due to technology advances within communication, faster accessibility, and the different lifestyle of civilization. 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In the second, poor relationship because of different views of a point, people who work in the MDT must have variety views of some problems, and it may cause opinions confliction in communication. In the third, in the aspect of hierarchy barrier, hierarchies in the gro up work may decrease the passion of group level communication. Communication is likely to be distort when members from

Marketing and the Other Business Functions - Research in Marketing

Question: Describe about the Marketing and the Other Business Functions for Research in Marketing? Answer: The Cool Car Company based in London has the core business of buying and selling cars. The organisational structure of the company can be represented as: The main goal of the organisation is provide prompt services to its customers in buying and selling cars and to meet this goal all the departments need to work in harmony. All the departments are interconnected to each other. The functioning of one department depends on the functioning of other. A brief discussion of the roles of different departments and their interrelation is as follows: Purchase Department This department is responsible for purchase of cars by the company. The team has to work closely with the sales and marketing department as they deal directly with the customer so the demands and requirement s of the customers are known by them which information is used by the purchase team to purchase the cars. They make a planned forecast of the number of cars required based on this information. Marketing Department the main role of this department is to market the product of the company by different modes of advertising. The company has an active website which is maintained by the marketing department so it is the marketing department which is the face of the company. The information required by marketing department to update the website on the new cars available for sale, no. of cars sold, etc. would be required from various departments like sales, finance. Also a marketing plan is developed by the marketing team. The team can only develop the plan keeping finance team in the loop as the budget is decided by them. Sales Department this department is responsible for selling the cars of the company. The sales department deals directly with the customers so they are aware of the demand for cars, hence they help the purchase department in deciding on the purchase of cars depending upon the requirement and demand by the customers. Also the service since the sales person is the face to the customer so any matter relating to finance, legal or service is approached to by the customer to the sales department which further directs the customer to the concerned department. So the sales department is involved in most of the department work. Operations Department once the car is sold to the customer, the process of delivering the car to the customer starts. This is the job of the operations department. All the paper work is done by this department and it also maintains a stock of inventory. Dispatch and Service Department once all the necessary paper work is done, the final delivery of the car is done by the Dispatch. This department needs to work closely with both sales and operations department. The customer and car information is given by sales team and all documents provided by operations team to ensure right delivery of car. Also after the car is dispatched, after sale service is important which is given with support of the sales team. Finance Department this team is responsible for giving the business results and also forecast the future sales and revenue of the company. The team has to work closely with the sales and marketing team to get those figures. Also the team prepares the overall budget for the company, hence all the departments are linked to the finance dept. as their budget is also allocated by the finance dept. the dept. prepares financial statements taking cost information from purchase dept., revenue information from sales dept. , various business expenditures from operations department. Legal Department this department takes care of the legal issues that may come up during the course of the business ranging from drafting waiver forms for employees to handling suits from angry customers. This department works closely with the service and sales department as complaints from customers are lodged to them which are further transferred to the legal department to resolve the issue. Determining goals and objectives is imperative to the success of an organisation. The set goals and objectives help the people in the organisation to work in way to achieve those goals. In fact, the various stakeholders in an organisation help to identify the goals and put plans into action to achieve the decided goals and objectives. The main goal of CCC is to keep its customers satisfied by giving best quality services and also maximising its profits and having a good growth year to year. Now, all the departments work in harmony to achieve the above objectives. In order to keep the customers satisfied, the sales and service department have to perform well by resolving all their queries and fulfilling their needs. In order for the sales dept to fulfil needs properly, marketing dept. has to give right information as to the demand for the cars and the customer requirements. This information is used by the purchase dept. to decide on its buying. The operations department has to work in harmony with other depts. to ensure smooth running of the business. The measurement of the fulfilment of objectives is done by the finance dept. which is reflected in financial statements in terms of profits. Also the different dept. can give insights in forming the objectives of the organisation based on their experience. The sales and marketing dept. team will understand firsthand which of companies policies and processes are working or not and can suggest improvement. All the depts. in the process of their working can suggest improvements in the processes and the new objectives may be formed accordingly. Process Management is an approach to making an organizations work flow more effective and efficient. It includes defining a process, establishing responsibilities, evaluating process performance and improvement of processes. CCC has a process of selling a cars which starts with purchase dept. buying cars, marketing dept. identifying customers, sales dept. selling the cars, dispatch and service dept,. Delivering the car and providing after sales service, operations dept. maintain documentation, finance dept. collecting payment. CCC should document all the processes so that the employees can know the working process. Once documentation is done, the responsibilities will be allocated to respective dept.. An e valuation should be done on a periodic basis to see if work is being done as per standards or not and also if improvements are required in the ongoing process, the same should be taken care of. When all dept. will work according to laid down standards, the output will be automatically good and quality services will be given to customers. Purchase Department is an important department in CCC as it buys the cars which are further sold by the company. There are many responsibilities to be met by this dept. which include both internal i.e. specific to the company and external i.e. to the third parties. Internal responsibilities can be stated as below: Placing order for the cars Keeping a stock of cars kept as inventory from time to time Inspection of incoming cars Verification of invoices Maintain purchase record and files Reporting to the Managing Director Maintaining coordination with other departments Analyze on long term availability and costs of purchase External responsibilities include: Develop and maintain healthy relation with active suppliers Negotiation with various suppliers to get the best deals Assessment of demand Selection of sources of supply Monitor and control the suppliers performance Smart Objectives The three objectives to be laid down by purchase dept. for the year would be: Increase the source of supply the dept. will look out for more sources of supply i.e. procure cars from more suppliers than it is doing currently. By doing this, the company will have a competitive advantage as it will be able to negotiate well and thus bring down its cost of purchase. A decreased cost will lead to higher profit margins. Also more cars at disposal will lead to pushing of sales which will expand the operations. To maintain uninterrupted flow of materials a companys growth is characterised by increasing sales, high sales is possible only if there are uninterrupted flow of materials i.e. cars for the sales team to sell. This will ensure smooth functioning of all the departments. To procure cars at a cost which is economically consistent with the quality and service required low cost will ensure high profit margins. The various systems that could be implemented to achieve quality, time and financial constraints are: Managing Bottlenecks means identifying operations with large quantities of inventory waiting to be worked upon, removing such bottlenecks by subordinating all non bottleneck operations to bottleneck operations. Identifying quality problems using control charts, pareto diagram and cause and effect diagram Employing financial and non financial measures of quality. Monitoring the performance of various departments is very important to know if they are operating as per the set standards. The various control techniques which can be applied include: Budgetary control every dept. has its assigned budget, hence they should keep a check that their expenses do not cross the budget Inventory control - there should be a control of minimum level of required inventory at any point of time. Quality control to ensure cars sourced meet the quality standards Quality is imperative to the success of a business and in an industry like healthcare, quality is of utmost importance as a little negligence may lead to high risks. There are various quality management systems available which can be used by the managers to ensure quality by the employees in delivering the services. Quality management systems allow companies to keep up with the current quality levels, meet customer requirement for quality, retain employees through competitive compensation programs and employ the latest technology. There are three quality systems which can be deployed by the operations manager: Total Quality Management (TQM) TQM is a quality management approach in which quality is emphasised at every step of the business. It aims at developing long term quality services. The approach breaks down the process into small activities and emphasises that each activity be quality controlled. Under TQM, a quality strategy is developed by the management, the strategy development strategy is made with the involvement of all departments who are to execute such strategies. The strategy is based on customer and stakeholder needs and is communicated well to the organisation to act as a motivating force. In light of SCAS, the operations manager can deploy TQM. For this, he needs to break the process of receiving calls at 999 to receiving the patient in the ambulance and hospitalising him into smaller activities in terms of quality. Like he can set a minimum call answer time, minimum time to reach the place of emergency, the quality of medication to be provided in the ambulance and so on. While framing these quality strategies, he should also consult the employees responsible for execution of the same as they will give realistic figures for setting standards. This way the employees will also be motivated as they are involved in decision making and they will e more responsible. Also there will be more clarity as to different standards set for various activities. Continuous quality Improvement ( CQI) CQI aims to develop a quality system which is never satisfied and required continuous improvement and innovation by reducing time consuming and low value add activities. CQI has been adopted in many industries including healthcare industry mostly known in acronym FOCUS-PDCA process to improve to improve a process what is known variation a process improvement Then move through the process improvement plan: Plan create a timeline Do implementation and collect data Check analyze the results Act take appropriate action The manager at SCAS can implement CQI by rewarding the employees for delivering the desired results of giving quality services to customers. Such rewards will motivate the employees to perform well and continuously improve the performance by improving the process itself. Six Sigma six sigma is a statistical measure which tolerates no more than 3-4 defects per million. Sig sigma eliminates wastage and it is suitable for high volume business. SCAS being a business model where high volumes of calls have to be answered and acted upon, six sigma is suitable where the manager can break the process into individual steps and identify the possible defects in each step and allow only the minimum percentage defect in each step by ensuring control. Such a check will motivate employees to minimal negligence. Quality Culture means having a culture in the organisation where all the members of the organisation have a mindset of delivering a quality product or service. Having a culture which has positive internal environment and creation of delighted customers. The various benefits of having a quality culture are: Increases Cooperation since the leader involves the staff also in forming strategies, there is more cooperation from them. Enables change there is strong communication and and the information is accessible so the information can be used as direction for what to do next and how to improve , thus enabling change Process improvement there is no blame game and the blame is on the process, so efforts are directed towards improving the process. Staff develops, takes risks, admits failures and learns The various methods that the company can use in evaluating and monitoring the performance of employees for continuous improvement are: the manager can carry out inspection on the accident sites or the call centre where all the calls are answered. Such inspections can be sudden so that the actual working of employees can be seen and improvements can be suggested. Also manager will have the chance to see the employee on the job, so any shortcomings in the process can be identified on the job and rectified thereafter. Consumer Surveys Consumer surveys can be carried out by the company as to their reaction to the quality of services being offered by SCAS. This will provide the company with first hand information and the process can be tailored as per customer needs. Third party assessment the company should obtain certification from International Organization for Standardization which measures the company performance in terms compliance with international quality standards. Statistical Indicators statistical indicators give suggestion for issues for performance management, quality improvement and further scrutiny. Indicators assess the company performance both internally and externally. The indicators should be designed in a manner that it can measure the achievement of predetermined objectives. The main objective of the organisation is to provide quality service to its customers and also maintain promptness in its services as it is an emergency case. However, off late employees at SCAS have compromised on quality in order to fulfil targets, hence it is imperative for the operations manager to implement changes in the operations to make it more efficient and effective. The various improvements suggested by the manager are: Provide incentive on qualitative basis instead of quantitative the employees should be rewarded for providing quality services instead of quantitative. They should be encouraged to take extra care while responding to emergency calls on 999 as these are life risking cases and should be done with utmost care. Development of customer oriented culture in the organisation currently the employees are compromising on the quality of service to customer, this may be due to absence of a customer focused culture in the company, the manager should try to build such culture by emphasising on customer service, involving employees in decision making w.r.t. customer satisfaction. Addressing employee grievance - the manager should make special efforts to listen to employee grievance if any and try to resolve their problems. Putting a performance improvement plan in place putting a plan that sets specific goals for improvement, attendance being one of them. Explain clearly the consequences of not fulfilling it. The improvements suggested above would be beneficial to the whole organisation. Other departments can also implement the above improvements as it will only lead to increased employee motivation. Customer oriented culture will not be specific to only emergency department but all other departments as all are necessarily working for its customers. The WHS Act and Regulations has made it mandatory for a person/company who has a duty of ensuring health and safety to manage risks related to it by eliminating it or if it cannot be completely eliminated, then of minimising the risks. The risk assessments required to be undertaken by CSAS by law are: Work out how severe the harm could be it includes working on how severe the harm could be in terms of may it result in serious injury or even death. How many people are exposed to such hazard or could one failure lead to another failure and so on. Work out how hazards may cause harm in most of the cases, the accident occurs due to a chain of events, hence, it is important to work on each component of the chain from the starting point till the end and determine where things may begin to go wrong. Work out the likelihood of harm occurring it means considering how often is the task done, how often are people close to the hazard. Health and Safety requirements under different situations: When new staff has joined the organisation employer must give information about the risks in the workplace and also give training on how to protect one from risks. A new telephone system has been introduced to assess any risks associated with the operation of the telephone. Also train the employees on the usage of new system. Dangerous waste product need to be disposed the waste is disposed off in a manner that the disposal does not harm the people staying in the area of disposal. Maintenance work needs to take place in call centre dept. the calls should be transferred to other dept. i.e. the incoming calls should not be stopped. Health and Safety Policies and Procedures are administrative measures to control hazards in the workplace and should be used to eliminate or reduce risk of injury or illness at workplace. The various policies for CSAS are: Elimination of risk elimination of any toxic substance or hazardous process which is not important for the system to work. Substitution substituting a hazardous process with one which is less harmful. Isolation isolating a hazardous substance or process from the employees to reduce risk of illness or injury. Administrative Controls changing the procedure of work to reduce exposure to existing hazards. Personal protective clothing and equipment proper training also must be imparted for use of protective clothing and equipment to employees. The effectiveness of the policies and procedures can be measured in short term and long term. Short term measurements include Assessment of plans being properly implemented Reduction in number of injuries Proportion of HS grievance which were resolved Long term measurements include: Rates of injury and illness Hidden coat of injuries/illness Training Guide for employees of SCAS SCAS is committed to providing safe and Healthy workplace to all and to providing training to achieve this. The employees can play an important role in maintaining a safe and healthy workplace through: Being involved in workplace safety system Wearing protecting clothing and equipment when required Reporting all incidents and accidents Reporting any discomfort or injury Informing about any health and safety concerns Sticking to the policies and procedures Keeping the work place tidy to minimise risks of any trips. Your participation is appreciated. References Wind, Y, Marketing and the Other Business Functions, Research in Marketing, Vol 5, pages 237-264 Micu,D, Ifrim,L, Daraban,C, Purdescu,C, (2012), Corss-Functional Linkages Between Marketing and the Other Business Functions in an Industrial Organisation, Vol. 74, Iss.3 Daft,R.L, (2009), Organization Theory and Design, South Western Educational Publishing Burt, David N., Donald W. Dobler, and Stephen L. Starling.World Class Supply Management: The Key to Supply Chain Management.Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2003. Chen, Injazz J., Antony Paulraj, and Augustine A. Lado. "Strategic Purchasing, Supply Management, and Firm Performance."Journal of Operations Management22 (2004): 505523 Kujansivu,P., Lonnqvist,A., (2008), Business Process Management as a tool for intellectual Capital Management, Vol. 15, issue 3 Weele, A., (2010), Purchasing Supply Chain Management- Analysis, Strategy, Planning and Practise, Cengage Learning EMEA Work Safe Victoria, (2001), Getting started with Workplace Health and Safety, An introduction to Workplace Health and Safety Policies, Procedures and Evaluation World Health Organization, (2003), How can hospital performance be measured and monitored, Health Evidence Network Liberati A et al. A European project assessing the appropriateness of hospital utilization: background, objectives and preliminary results. International Journal for Quality in Health Care,1995, 7:187-199. Powell,T.C., (1995), Total Quality Management Management as Competitive Advantage: A review and empirical study, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 16 Biolos, Jim. Six Sigma Meets the Service Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2002. Whakatutuki, H, Sample Health and Safety Policy, Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, viewed on 17th May, 2015, https://www.dol.govt.nz/infozone/businessessentials/safety/staff/draft-policy-health-and-safety.asp Garvin, David, and Artemis March. A Note on Quality: The Views of Deming, Juran, and Crosby. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1981. Radawski,D., Continuous Quality Improvement: Origin, Concept, Problems and Application, Reichheld, Fredrick F., and W. Earl Sasser Jr., Zero Deflections: Quality Comes to Services, Harvard Business Review (SeptemberOctober 1990). NSW, (2011), How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks Wolkins, D. Otis. Total Quality: A Framework for Leadership. Management Leadership Series. New York: Productivity Press, 1995. Harvey, L, (2006), Quality Culture, quality assurance and impact , Centre for Research and Evaluation Sheffield Hallam University,

The Significance Of The Beginning Chapter Of Frank Mccourts Angelas As

The Significance Of The Beginning Chapter Of Frank Mccourt's Angela's Ashes He is just another poor Irish boy. His story is of poverty, emotional struggles, and growing up. Have we not read about that already? Everyone thinks their childhood is unique, but do we not all have basically the same experiences? Frank McCourt experiences events similar to other children, but that fact is forgotten once the reader begins Angela's Ashes. Actual reality becomes less important than this little boy's perception of reality, upon which the focus is set and remains there throughout the book. McCourt is not telling the story of what happened, but rather of how the events related to his own development. He draws the reader into himself by writing in the first person and using a personal tone which always reflects his outlook. In the first chapter, he inconspicuously establishes himself as the only character in his memoir, causing the reader not to follow him through his childhood, but to become him as a child. ?People everywhere brag and whimper about the woes of their early years, but nothing can compare with the Irish version?(1), McCourt writes as he begins to describe the world in which he grows up. For he creates a separate world for himself, where people he knows wander in and out whenever they can hold his attention. McCourt's world serves as a coping mechanism as well as an expression of his creativity. He surrounds himself with the depressing truth about his home and family, but brings in each morsel of truth with his own explanation, often humorous, thus exposing himself only to his interpretation of reality. McCourt's task is to contain his world in the four hundred sixty pages of the book and to have the reader immersed by the end of the first chapter. The opening pages provide a foundation for McCourt, himself, and for his perception, enabling the reader to follow his stream-of-consciousness sentences throughout the book. He gives a flash preview of the book's content on the f irst page, giving the reader an idea of what he is getting into. McCourt then abruptly interrupts himself (which becomes common throughout the book) as though he has forgotten to mention some pertinent fact, and then proceeds to introduce his parents. Although he is now writing from his parents' point of view, the reader is quite aware that this is still McCourt's interpretation of their story. After briefly establishing both his mother and father's basic background, he begins his first story of the book. McCourt wisely chooses the story of his parents first meeting, their marriage, and his birth, which all occur in a surprisingly short span of time. This first story allows the reader to get accustomed to McCourt's style of story telling and also plunges the reader into the lives and personalities of his parents. In building a foundation for them,he creates the two individuals who are the foundation of his early years. His language includes very little actual description, but he imp lies hundreds of little details which the reader can sense, but must read on to further understand. Once McCourt is born, he shifts the perspective immediately to his point of view. He begins with his first memory as a toddler, conveying his thoughts through simple, short sentences. As he progresses through his childhood, he uses grammar and vocabulary corresponding to his level of knowledge at his current age in the book. By the end of the first chapter, the reader succumbs to dwelling in McCourt's world as though it were his/her own memory. In the beginning of the book, McCourt's interpretation of reality is established as well as his attitude about his family's financial and emotional struggles. He conveys to the reader his knowledge that he is poor through bits of his parents arguments. McCourt accepts the fact that they have hardly enough money to feed the family and that he can do nothing to change the situation. However, he does not deny that he keeps hoping for better times. McCourt realizes early on that his father is responsible for supporting the family, and he feels ashamed that his beloved Dad can hardly keep a job. He wants to have food

Criminal Law Child Protection from Pornography and Labor

Criminal Law Child Protection from Pornography and Labor Introduction The problems facing the children internationally include internet child pornography and child labor. These are problems widespread across the globe because of abating of the vices by government officials of various states and instability of various policy frameworks set by the governments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Criminal Law: Child Protection from Pornography and Labor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, the social malpractices like bribery have also led to the laxity in dealing with the menace. There is a need for the involvement of the community and organization of goodwill, in the alleviation of poverty and suffering of children. This owes to the fact that poverty is the root cause of child abuse. Internet child pornography The internet is a virtual platform for the predation of children by the unscrupulous people. The people who propagate this vice act illegally, given that it is hard to apprehend them legally. This owes to the fact that different countries have their jurisdictions and internet space. This makes it difficult for identifying, arresting, and prosecution of these criminals. Moreover, not every nation is a signatory to the international internet protocol pact. Therefore, some countries allow the practice in their jurisdiction. Sanderson (2007, 23) posits that lack of funding also contributes to the low legal response to this vice. This aggravates the situation because the legal practitioners, who ought to investigate the suspects, accept bribes, and let the suspects go unpunished. Child labor This is the forced working of children at attender age, usually between the age of 5 and 14 years. This arises from the low financial status of families. This is because their parents forcefully bond some children because they have no power to object. Furthermore, young children may not be aware of the problem until later in life. This practice denies the children the chance of attending school; hence, they grow as illiterates. This affects every aspect of their lives, including their financial stability. The practice is usually concealed. Hence it becomes difficult for the policy enforcers to crack down on the propagators of these criminals. Hugh (2009, 35) posits that the consent of the parents of the children to the vice aggravates the situation. However, financial instability is the overriding causal problem. Therefore, it is incumbent upon all governments to boost the economic and financial welfare of its citizenry to avert the vice. Children can also be abducted and subjected to forced labor by the abductors. The children are compelled to work in adverse conditions detrimental to their health and safety. The children are also denied freedom of expression to suppress complaints from the children. Indeed, they are also denied the freedom of movement, given that they may escape (Chris, 2007, 51). This makes the children afraid and traumat ized; hence; they are forever victims of circumstance. They do not receive any compensation for the services they offer.Advertising Looking for report on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Remedial measures for Internet child pornography There is a remedy to the vice of internet child pornography. Governments ought to liaise in curbing this vice. This can be done through harmonizing of policies of various governments about internet misuse. The sites that provide child pornography need to be banned from the operation and heavy fines charged. Also, the parents of children should teach, guide, and counsel their children on the virtues of life and the negative impacts of watching such pornographic videos online. This will enlighten the children of the immorality of indulging in the practice. The government also ought to create laws prohibiting the practice and provision of severe penalties for committing and a bating the practice. Corporate Social Responsibility in the International education center This is an international organization, which provides education to children across the globe. It has branches all over the world. The organization embraces the aspect of corporate social responsibility because of the vitality of the practice. This responsibility is implied for every organization. Its practice leads to goodwill from the members of society and assures of the going concern of the organization because of the many benefits derived from the initiative. This institution carries out a free educational program for all the street children around its locations in the world. This affords the street children an opportunity to access literacy and intellectual development. Furthermore, the education obtained opens all avenues of the lives of these children, including financial breakthroughs. This lowers the crime rate in such towns, given that street children grow up to be robbers and burgla rs (Hugh, 2009, 43). In this regard, society benefits from this corporate social responsibility of the institution. Ways of making child welfare projects successful There are many ways in which children can be assisted to overcome their predicaments. First is the creation of non-governmental organizations to clamor for adherence to child rights. These initiatives also advocate for the ban of all social evils done to children, including child labor. According to Farquhar (2008, 67), these organizations will spearhead the restoration of fair treatment of children across the globe. The creation of many needy children centers will provide a safe place for vulnerable children. This will reduce the numbers of cases of child mistreatment and abuse. Ways of Improving We Care organization We Care initiative can be improved through sufficient funding, which will enable the meeting of the divergent needs of children from all occupations. In this regard, parents and other people will bring the children to the organization for rehabilitation and intellectual development.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Criminal Law: Child Protection from Pornography and Labor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The donation of various goodies like learning materials, food, and other learning paraphernalia necessities will make We Care organization a better place for all and sundry. The organization can also be improved through the use of corporate social responsibility aspect. This will create awareness to the community regarding the agenda of the organization. Conclusion There is a need for a concerted effort in ensuring the welfare of all children across the globe. The synergistic approach will eliminate the mistreatment of children and the propagation of immoral practices like internet child pornography and child labor. Internet child pornography can be eliminated through the collective ban of the practice among all natio ns across the globe. This will be possible through the constitutional amendments to accommodate the ban of internet child pornography. Child labor can also be curbed through full implementation of the child rights. This will help in the apprehension of the people who take part in child abuse. Organizations can help children through complying with the corporate social responsibilities. Helping the needy and vulnerable children will earn the organizations the reputation of the society because of the support given the children. References Chris, B. (2007). Child Protection: An Introduction. California: Publisher-SAGE. Farquhar, S.E. (2008). The Benefits Risks of Childcare (ECE) for Young Children. New Zealand: Child Forum. Hugh, H. (2009). The World of Child Labour. New York: M.E. Sharpe Publications. Sanderson, C. (2007). The seduction of children: empowering parents and teachers to protect children from child sexual abuse. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Advertising Looking for report on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Yes, There Are Chemistry Jokes and They Are Funny

Yes, There Are Chemistry Jokes and They Are Funny Believe it or not, chemistry is funny and chemists have a great sense of humor, and some even know how to use pick-up lines! Are all my jokes too basic for you? Why is there no reaction?My Chemistry teacher threw sodium chloride at me.... Thats a salt!Little Willie was a chemist. Little Willie is no more. What he thought was H2O was H.Sulfur and oxygen were best buds. They lived far from each other, so in order for oxygen to chat with his pal, he had to use his sulfone!Want to hear a joke about nitrogen oxide? NO.Heisenberg and Schrodinger are driving down the road when a cop pulls them over. The cop asks Heisenberg, Do you know how fast you were going back there? Heisenberg replies No, but I can tell you exactly where I was. The cop begins to be suspicious and proceeds to search the car. Upon opening the trunk he exclaims, Hey, you have a dead cat back here, to which Schrodinger replies Well, now I do! Thanks.Im running out of chemistry jokes. All the good ones argon.Why did the chemists pants keep falling down? He had no acetol.9 sodium atoms walk into a bar, followed by batman.Old chemists never die, th ey only fail to react as a chemist. The guy next to me asked if I had any hypo bromide, I said NaBrO.What did the nerd say when he failed a test? Ytterbium.A proton and a neutron are walking down the street. The proton says, Wait, I dropped an electron help me look for it. The neutron says, Are you sure? The proton replies, Im positive.Random Person: Why do you react violently when we put you in H20? Chemistry Cat: Because my race contains iron, lithium and neon FeLiNe origins.First man orders Id like H2O. The second man orders Id like H2O too. The second man died.The atom asks the electron,  why are you small? The electron replies, because I have a low charge!This joke is sodium funny... I slapped my neon that one.What do you call a tooth in a glass of water? A one molar solution!Here is a pick-up line: You must be copper and tellurium cause you sure are CuTe!  He was a boron; he couldnt even follow the octet rule. He had a solid network but wasnt a diamond. To a chemist only six states matter.A neutron walked in to a bar and asked how much for a drink. The bartender replied, for you, no charge. In the world of chemicals, a constant battle rages between the chemical supervillains and the chemical super agents. The most esteemed of these is one (OO)7, international dyeing agent of mystery. On one particularly hairy mission, he finds himself pitted against the evil genius of lore, Dr. Nitrogen Monoxide, who has set a devious trap in the form of an ordinary piece of white cloth. After falling through a cleverly placed mechanosensitive membrane protein, (OO)7 is shocked to find himself soaking into a tightly bound mesh of cotton fibers. (He is, after all, a dyeing agent.) In desperation, he calls to his nemesis, Do you expect me to talk, NO? The villain only chuckles maniacally. No Mr. Dye, I expect you to bond.The noble gases walk into a bar. No one reacts.Wanted by the Law: Schrodingers Cat, Dead And/Or Alive

Civil Aerospace Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Civil Aerospace Market - Case Study Example In the following discussion we'll analyze the industry structure of the civil aerospace market in general and the two main companies in particular. vi. World's second-largest defense company. Boeing Integrated Defense Systems provides end-to-end services for large-scale systems that combine sophisticated communication networks with air-, land-, sea- and space-based platforms for global military, government and commercial customers i. FAA (US) Aerospace forecast for the period 2006-2017 states that, 'By 2017, U.S. commercial air carriers are projected to fly 1.6 trillion ASMs and transport 1.07 billion enplaned passengers a total of 1.256 trillion passenger miles. Passenger trip length is also forecast to increase by more than 120 miles over the forecast to 1,171.9 miles (up 10.2 miles annually). iv. New entrants in the business particularly from India, China and Japan. These countries are trying very hard to tap the market with state owned companies getting full support from respective governments Headquartered in France and employing about 60,000 people worldwide Airbus has made a commitment to itself that it will remain in the 40-60 percent range as far as market share is concerned1. During 2006 also Airbus was able to capture 44 percent market share with 824 new firm orders worth US$75.1 billion. Buyers'/Consu... v. Highly investment intensive and labor intensive business. Opportunities i. FAA (US) Aerospace forecast for the period 2006-2017 states that, 'By 2017, U.S. commercial air carriers are projected to fly 1.6 trillion ASMs and transport 1.07 billion enplaned passengers a total of 1.256 trillion passenger miles. Passenger trip length is also forecast to increase by more than 120 miles over the forecast to 1,171.9 miles (up 10.2 miles annually). ii. New technological breakthroughs in IT, computers and electronics industries, providing opportunity to serve the customer in a better way. iii. New product development efforts are focused on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a super-efficient airplane that is expected to be in service in 2008. Threats i. Global slowdown (decelerating growth) in airlines business, particularly after the 9/11 incident ii. Shrinking profit margins for airlines industry, resulting in closing down of many airlines iii. Fluctuating oil prices and turbulent political scene in the middle-east region iv. New entrants in the business particularly from India, China and Japan. These countries are trying very hard to tap the market with state owned companies getting full support from respective governments v. Widespread opposition of the outsourcing moves by the unions at Boeing as well as from other unions in the country, fearing widespread retrenchments. SWOT analysis for Airbus Headquartered in France and employing about 60,000 people worldwide Airbus has made a commitment to itself that it will remain in the 40-60 percent range as far as market share is concerned1. During 2006 also Airbus was able to capture 44 percent market share with 824 new firm orders worth US$75.1 billion. Strengths: Leading position in the

Effective Processes of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effective Processes of Management - Essay Example The strategic management processes are three: strategy analysis, strategy formulation and strategy implementation. These processes are strongly interrelated. None of these processes comes first and the others follow. The order of these processes is not sequential. Henry Mintzberg supports the idea that the decisions in an organization are not always taken on optimal rationality and that the business environment is not predictable. He proposed another model of strategic management where the realized strategy of an organization is a combination of deliberate and emergent strategies. The processes of the financial management are the following: financial planning and financial control. Financial planning controls the financial resources of the organization and it plans the timing and the size of expenses. The financial processes help the organization to generate profits. Financial planning tries to increase the resources of the organization and it takes care of the money invested in the organization by external third parties/investors. Talking about investors, financial planning takes care that the investors will receive reasonable amounts of return on their investments. Change management is a necessary component of any organizational performance improvement process to succeed, including programs like Six Sigma, Business Process Reengineering, Total Quality Management, Organizational Development, Restructuring and continuous process improvement. Strategic Human Resource Management includes strategies concerning learning and development. There is a distinction between learning and development. Pedler, Boydell, and Burgoyne (1989) see learning as being concerned with an increase in knowledge or a higher degree of an existing skill, whereas development is more towards a different state of being or functioning.

Socrates - Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Socrates Philosophy Essay Plato Plato WHEN Socrates was sixty years old, Plato, then a youth of twenty, came to him as a pupil. When Plato was sixty years old, the seventeen-year-old Aristotle presented himself, joining the Teachers group of Friends, as the members of the Academy called themselves. Aristotle was a youth of gentle birth and breeding, his father occupying the position of physician to King Philip of Macedon. Possessed of a strong character, a penetrating intellect, apparent sincerity, but great personal ambition. [tags: Plato Philosophy Philosophers Essays] 3776 words (10.8 pages) $19. 95 [preview] Plato Plato Plato was born to an aristocratic family in Athens, Greece. When he was a child his father, Ariston, who was believed to be descended from the early kings of Athens died, and his mother, Perictione married Pyrilampes. As a young man Plato was always interested in political leadership and eventually became a disciple of Socrates. He followed his philosophy and his dialectical style, which is believed to be the search for truth through questions, answers, and additional questions. After witnessing the death of Socrates at the hands of the Athenian democracy in 399 B. C. , Plato left Athens and continued to travel to Italy, Sicily, and Egypt. [tags: Biography Biographies Plato Philosophers Essays] :: 4 Works Cited :: 1 Sources Cited 1795 words (5. 1 pages) $29. 95 [preview] Confusion And Plato Confusion Confusion plagues everyone in the world. Daily people are subject to struggles that involve them being confused and allow them to not fully take in what the world has to offer. Confusion simply put is the impaired orientation with respect to time, place, or person; a disturbed mental state. With that said it is evident that many things a susceptible to confusion, and being confused. When reading Plato one cannot help to be confused, some confused on the general meaning others confused on the actual wording. [tags: Plato] 911 words (2. 6 pages) FREE Essays [view] Platos Criticism of Democracy Platos Criticism of Democracy Do not be angry with me for speaking the truth; no man will survive who genuinely opposes you or any other crowd and prevents the occurrence of many unjust and illegal happenings in the city. A man who really fights for justice must lead a private, not a public, life if he is to survive for even a short time. (Apology 31e-32a) These are the words of Socrates, who spoke before the Athenian jury in the trial that would, ultimately, condemn him to his death. Through works such as the Apology and The Republic, we can see Plato’s distaste of the concept of democracy. [tags: Plato].

The History Of Computers :: essays research papers

THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS In 500 B.C. the abacus was first used by the Babylonians as an aid to simple arithmetic. In 1623 Wihelm Schickard (1592 - 1635) invented a "Calculating Clock". This mechanical machine could add and subtract up to 6 digit numbers, and warned of an overflow by ringing a bell. J. H. Mueller comes up with the idea of the "difference engine", in 1786. This calculator could tabulate values of a polynomial. Muellers attempt to raise funds fails and the project was forgotten. Scheutz and his son Edward produced a 3rd order difference engine with a printer in 1843 and their government agreed to fund their next project. In 1886 Dorr D. Felt (1862 - 1930) invented the "comptometer". This was the first calculator where the operands are entered by just pressing keys. In 1889 in also invents the first printing desk calculator. Herman Hollerith (1860 - 1929) founded IBM ( as the Tabulating Machine Company ) in 1896. The company renames known as IBM in 1924. In 1906 Lee D. Forest in America developed the electronic tube (an electronic value). Before this it would have been impossible to make digital electronic computers. In 1919 W. H. Eccles and F. W. Jordan published the first flip-flop circuit design. George Stibitz constructed a 1-bit binary adder suing relays in 1937. This was one of the first binary computers. In the summer of 1941 Atanasoff and Berry completed a special purpose calculator for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations, later called "ABC" ( Atanasoff Berry Computer). In 1948 Mark I was completed at Manchester University. It was the first to use stored programs. In 1951 whirlwind was the first real-time computer was built for the US Air Defense System. In 1953 it was estimated that there were 100 computers in the world. Computers built between 1959 and 1964 are often regarded as the "second generation" computers, based on transistors and printed circuits - resulting in much smaller computers. 1964 the programming language PL/1 released by IBM. 1964 the launch of IBM 360. These first series of compatible computers. In 1970 Intel introduced the first RAM chip. In 1975 IBM 5100 was released. In 1976 the Apple Computer Inc. was founded, to market Apple I Computer. Designed to Stephen Wozinak and Stephan Jobs. In 1979 the first compact disk was released around 1981 IBM announced PC, the standard model was sold for $2,880.00. In 1994 according to Microsoft MS-DOS was running on some 100 million computers worldwide.

Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X Essay

Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are very prominent African American individuals throughout history. â€Å"Malcolm x and Martin Luther king were similar in some ways and different another ways†. Martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x were similar in many ways for example, martin Luther and Malcolm x were both black. Their fathers were minister’s .they both became minister .they were both national leader they were both arrested. Malcolm x and Martin Luther king wanted to see black people in the best possible position .martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x were both religious figures that used religious to provide structure morality courage. Determination and unity in black people. Both Malcolm x and martin Luther Jr were fighting for civil rights non-violence. Both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King are both remembered as l eaders who fought for a difference in black America. Both tried to bring hope to blacks in the United States. They also tried to instill within blacks power and strength so they could rise above all the hatred that surrounded them, but both of them had very different ways of promoting their message and they were both assassinated. Martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x were different in many ways for example, martin Luther king was a devout Christian, Malcolm x was a Muslim. Martin Luther king wanted to get things accomplished without aggression or violence and Malcolm x did not. Martin Luther king wanted everyone to coexist peacefully and wanted to be counted as equal, Malcolm x wanted there to be a clear segregation of white people and black people In America. King was brought up by a rich black family, with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. Malcolm X was brought up in the ‘ghetto’, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deprived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he was sent to a foster home. This important because I got to learn many differences and similarities between Martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x .as a result I’ve learned many things about martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x that I’ve never learned before.

Analyzing and Interpreting Data Essay

As a consultant, Team A has analyzed and interpreted the second set of data. The intent is to increase senior management’s understanding of the sources of employee dissatisfaction and too create a model that predicts employee resignation. The process will be to combine the week two learning team assignment and week three findings with week five findings and make recommendations to BIMS by using the statistical tables given in the appendices of the textbook and a statistical analysis application. Combined Weeks and Recommendations to BIMS The valuable information the first survey has given the employees is if employees would like to stay if he or she was offered some type of bonus for their work and their loyalty to the company. Each employee would be offered extra vacation days each quarter if their performance was high and he or she had no absences. However, questions and concerns were still unanswered completely with the data received. The management team felt that there should be another survey sent out. This next survey would address issues that were not covered in the first one and ask more detailed questions to the employees that are still working for the company as well as past employees. Some outside help to make sure the questions were unbiased was used. It was highly recommended to make sure that any employee who took the survey knew that his or hers answers and opinions would be kept is strict confidentiality. The survey was first tested on upper management to see what he or she thought about the questions on the survey. The survey was then changed to meet the concerns that still were addressed. Another survey was then presented to the upper management for final approval. Employees that were on leave from the company were also asked to take the survey. After the surveys were completed and the data was inputted the company had a better understanding on what were some of the major areas of concern. Communication was on the top of the list. A recommendation that the company can start with is communicating better with his or her employees. Some ways to do this is through more memos, emails, and meetings with department supervisors. The supervisors then can pass on information to their individual workers. This way everyone should know what is going on with the company. The employees have to feel wanted and needed. This can be done through more social events such as company barbeques, Christmas parties, and other outside get-togethers. Having a suggestion box can also do it. Employees can share his or hers opinions or concerns anonymously or he or she can make a suggestion for a change. If he or she’s changes are made within the organization he or she will receive a bonus. Sources of Employee Dissatisfaction From the analysis of the overall data that has been collected throughout the entire process, it has been concluded that the employees and management need to work on a better system of communication and cooperation. The main interpretation of the data is the dissatisfaction of the employees both former and current. This has become epidemic. The deterioration of communication has allowed the production of the company to fall. The intent of the survey and the face-to-face interview was to take a sample of the percentage of the employees not satisfied by the way that the senior management was conducting operations in which the relations of the employees were involved. The employees, as shown from the research, were feeling as though they were not appreciated and that the atmosphere that was gained from the management created a hostile work environment. The senior management wanted the surveys as a way for the employees to be able to make statements without having to place a name to the survey. Employees felt as if they are completely ignored and all suggestions that they had made that could improve relations have gone unheard. They feel as if though the management sees them as nothing more than a number that can easily be replaced without a thought otherwise. Therefore, this leaves the employees morale completely shattered and as that happens, so does the amount of productivity. When the employees feel as if they themselves, as stated by the survey and face-to-face interviews, will not work as hard and as an overall will hurt the company as a whole and they would like the senior management to take into account their disgrievences and communicate better with them. Model for Predicting Employee Resignation BIMS has developed a model for predicting employee resignation and turnover. After reviewing the surveys as well as the exit interviews; BIMS has developed a model based on logistics regression and then analyzing the turnover. They have developed five hypotheses from previous research of the effects of different factors affecting resignations and turnovers. The first hypothesis is based on the length that an employee has been with BIMS and that the more time invested in the company, the less likely they will resign. The belief is that increased tenure strengthens the propensity for employees to remain. The second hypothesis is that higher performing employees are less likely to resign than average to lower performing employees. One way to ensure higher performance is to implement a contingent reward system. In the event of continued low performance from certain employees, BIMS must be aware of the withdraw process: a major reduction in performance, possibly to unacceptable levels, and ending with resignation. The third hypothesis has to do with the age of the employee. The older the employees, the less likely they will resign as opposed to the younger employees and their length of employment. The fourth hypothesis is that more educated employees are less likely to resign than less educated employees. The more educated the employee, the greater the possibility for promotions and wage increases. The fifth hypothesis is that higher paid employees are less likely to resign than lower paid employees. The higher paid employees possess specific skills, which are more valuable to their current employer. In conclusion, if employees are offered incentives they will follow guidelines and achieve ethical practices. With better communication between management and staff it will create teamwork. Staff and management will work together more efficient and their follow through will be more appreciated. Giving the upper management a try at the surveys put them in the employee’s perspective letting them understand how employees feel. The surveys helped management come to the understanding of how to gain the respect back from their employee’s. Reference: McClave, J. T., Benson, P. G., & Sincich, T. (2011). Statistics for business and economics (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies Essays

Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies Essays Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies Paper Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth Shakespeare creates heroines that have full characters, contrary to conventional writings that show women as sexual objects only. Shakespeares women are not only presented as sexual objects; his heroines have all kinds of human qualities like innocence, seductiveness, ambition, commitment, obedience, frustration, etc. Whether playfully resolved in the comedies or brutally exposed in the tragedies, at some level, all Shakespeares works symbolically explore the conflict between male and female, or control and emotion, within society and the individual self.1 Two important heroines of Shakespeare are Lady Macbeth and Rosalind, who are famous for transgressing the boundaries drawn for women at that time. However, while Lady Macbeth becomes the victim of a tragedy, Rosalind becomes the architect of a happy ending comedy, which arouses a suggestion that Shakespeares tragedies are misogynist, whereas his comedies are feminist. Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth, who kills King of Scotland in order to be the king with the temptation of Witches and his wife. The role of Lady Macbeth in this tragedy is nearly as important as Macbeths role. He is presented as a transgressive woman, who rejects her gender and wants to be unsexed in order to achieve her ambitions. When she learns that King Duncan will come their court, which will give them a perfect opportunity to kill him, she wants to be saved from her feminine qualities. Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood, Stop up thaccess and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Theffect and it! Come to my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murdring ministers (1.5 39-47)2 She follows the stereotype of her time, which associates masculinity with control, strength, and success; and femininity with weakness, loss of control, and disorder.3 Although she is a woman, she is somewhat an androgynous person because she does not conform with the conventional qualities of a Medieval woman, a female bird who takes care of her husband and children and does housework without meddling in mens jobs like politics. This is the definition of a domestic woman that is seen as natural in the society. However, Lady Macbeth is not a mother and furthermore, she has hostile feelings against children and motherhood. I have given suck, and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me- I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out (1.7 54-58)4 Lady Macbeths political ambition is greater than her husbands in the beginning of the play. She uses her sexuality in order to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan, and besides, she always touches on his masculinity by blaming Macbeth for not being a man, as he hesitates to commit murder. Contrary to the conventional patriarchal family, we see that Lady Macbeth is dominant over her husband, partly due to his nature which is full oth milk of human kindness (1.4 16)5 and partly due to Lady Macbeths skill in using her sexual charm. When she reads Macbeths letter informing about the prophecies of the witches, she becomes afraid that the potential good in her husbands nature will prevent him from killing the King, then she comforts herself by thinking that she can persuade her husband easily. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round, Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crowned withal. (1.5 24-29)6 Her influence upon her husband and her great ambition for power cause her to go mad when she loses both of them. When Macbeth kills Duncan, with the encouragement of Lady Macbeth, he abandons the potential good in him and gives less and less importance to his wife, once his dearest partner of greatness. (1.5 10)7 He doesnt inform her about his later crimes -killing Macduffs family and Banquo, as he doesnt need her anymore to commit murder. With the change in Macbeths character, their marriage loses its passion, as Macbeth loses his emotional intimacy to his wife, being only concerned with keeping his seat. However, Lady Macbeth has predicted different conclusions when they kill Duncan. She has aspired for being queen and meddling in politics and feeling power. Also she has thought that their marriage would be more intimate when Macbeth says her Bring forth men-children only!/For thy undaunted mettle should compose/Nothing but males8 However, Macbeth loses all his emotions and passions for Lady Macbeth when he is entrapped in his evil actions. She loses not only her husband but also her access to power; therefore she goes mad and commits suicide as a result of her unnatural acts. Shakespeare introduces us the character of Lady Macduff, so that we can understand how unnatural Lady Macbeth is. Lady Macduff is a domestic woman, the accepted role for women in the Medieval age (actually in all ages), looking after her children, sitting at home waiting for her husband faithfully and not meddling in politics. She is just the opposite of Lady Macbeth, who rather behaves like a male. The common characteristics of Lady Macbeth and the witches, reflects the Medieval understanding that sees non-domestic women as witches and burns them alive. Just like Lady Macbeth, the witches are hostile towards children, as they put finger of birth-strangled babe (4.1 30)9 into their magical mixture in a cauldron. They also meddle in politics by the prophecies they make, and cause Macbeth to usurpe the crown by killing the gentle and trustful King Duncan. Macbeth kills all those people because of their prophecies, that Banquos children will become kings and Macduff will be a threat to him. Both the witches and Lady Macbeth are shown as the temptators, similar to the Christian teaching that Eve seduced Adam to commit the original sin. The death of Lady Macbeth reflects the victory of male-dominated society, which does not tolerate an unnatural woman challenging to their power and condemn it as a witch. In Shakespeares patriarchal world, the ideal woman is seen as a passive docile and above all selfless creatureBut behind the angel lurks the monster: the obverse of the male idealization of women is the male fear of femininity. The monster women is the woman who refuses to be selfless, acts on her own initiative, who has a story to tellin short, a woman who rejects the submissive role patriarchy has reserved for her.10 Shakespeare creates this monster -Lady Macbeth- with his own hands, but he decides to kill her in the tragedy of Macbeth. Whereas, we see that he welcomes this monster, Rosalind, in his comedy of As You Like It. First of all, he makes her the most dominant character in the play, among many male characters such as Orlando, Jacques or Touchstone. Rosalinds wit and rhetoric puts her a higher place than all male and female characters, which is really revolutionary in the conventional idea that grudges knowledge for females. In Christianity, the tree of knowledge is considered a sin for women; however we see Shakespeare creating a female character that has the most knowledge in the play. Although she is disguised as a young male in order to protect herself in an unknown forest, she frees herself from the restrictions imposed upon women in this way, and she shows that she has the equal -and perhaps more capacity of knowledge and intelligence with men. Rosalind provides us a real perspective of a female on the issues of love and male-female relationships, which shows the androgynous mind of Shakespeare, who can use his brains female part and give a correct female perspective. Rosalind challenges the stereotype that women want Platonic love, which means the mens woving to love them forever, writing love poems for them and expressing their love in a highly emotional way. She doesnt like them. Although she is many fathom deep..in love (4.1 201)11 with Orlando, she tries to dissuade him from loving her by telling about the bad sides of marriage disguised as Ganymede. She says that if they marry, Rosalind would be more jealous of him than a Barbary cock-pigeon over his hen, more clamorous than a parrot against rain, more new-fangled than an ape, more giddy in..desires than a monkey. (4.1 145-148)12 Of course she wont behave like that. But she doesnt want a blind lover like Orlando, who says she will love her forever, and a day (4.1 140)13, which she protests with a rhetoric answer that expresses the evolving nature of relationships. Say a day without the everNo, no, Orlando, men are April when they woo, December when they wed; maids are May when they are maids, but the sky changes when they are wives (4.1 141-144)14 Rosalind has the control in her relationship with Orlando and she instructs him in order to mature his immatured love for her, which is really unnatural for the conventional society. In fact, a conventional reader would think Rosalind as a male and Orlando as a female, if he/she only read their words without knowing their sexes. She has the male attributed qualities of reason and strength, while Orlando has the female attributed qualities of emotion and weakness, which show us that all of these characteristics are universal to human beings and they should not be appropriated for a single race. Rosalind is an admired figure among feminists for her ability to subvert the limitations that society imposes on her as a woman.15 She is dominant in all aspects of the story; and her masculine behaviour, which leads Lady Macbeth to disaster in the end of the tragedy of Macbeth, results in happy ending in the comedy of As You Like It. Therefore, it is possible to claim that Shakespeares Macbeth is misogynist and As You Like It is feminist. Although it is difficult to generalize this idea for all the tragedies and comedies of Shakespeare, when we look at his Winters Tale, which is half tragedy and half comedy, it is also half misogynist and half feminist. In the first part of the play, the great misogynist Leontes rises as a paranoid, who makes himself believe that his wife Hermione is cheating him with his best friend Polixenes while there is no reason. Leontes despotism over Hermione, and Hermiones docile obedience to her husband reflect the conventional situation of women and mens hegemony over them. When Leontes accuses her of being an adultress and puts her into prison, Hermione remains passive and obedient with expressing her belief in providence: if powers divine Behold our human actions, as they do, I doubt not then but innocence shall make False accusation blush and tyranny Tremble at patience (3.2 23-33)16 The other woman character, Paulina strikes the reader with her fearless criticism of Leontes, the King of Sicily, whom the Queen Hermione can not say a word. When she learns that Hermione gives birth a daughter in the prison, she takes the baby to Leontes, hoping that she would soften him. She insists on calling Hermione good queen in spite of Leontes rage, and she says Good queen, my lord, good queen, I say good queen, /And would by combat make her good, so were I / A man, the worst about you. (2.3 72-74)17Leontes can not tolerate her apparent insolence and accuses Antigonus of not controlling his wife, which is the requirement of masculinity. When Leontes threatens Paulina by saying Ill ha thee burnt (2.3 146)18, she answers with a courage no man an show: I care not. It is an heretic that makes the fire, Not she which burns in t. Ill not call you tyrant; But this most cruel usage of your queen, Not able to produce more accusation Than your own weak-hinged fancy, something savors Of tyranny, and will ignoble make you, Yea, scandalous to the world. (2.3 147-155)19 In this manner, we can see Paulina as a transgressive woman, who challenges the king regardless of her place determined by the male society. Although she is unsuccessful in the first part of the play, which is a tragedy, she becomes the chief advisor of Leontes in the second half of the play, which is a comedy. Being repentant of what he has done, Leontes obeys her this time, when she urges him not to remarry. Also the happy ending of the play, the resurrection of Hermione takes place in Paulinaa house, which shows the dominance of a strong female in the comedy part of the play. By looking at the three plays by Shakespeare, we can conclude that the unnatural and transgressive women always lose in tragedies, whereas they become successful and have a happy ending in comedies. Therefore, it is possible to say that Shakespeares tragedies are misogynist and his comedies are feminist.

Formal Introductions in Japanese

Formal Introductions in Japanese Japan is a country whose culture stresses ritual and formality.  Proper etiquette is expected in business, for example, and even  saying​ hello  has a set of strict rules.  Japanese culture is steeped in honorific traditions and hierarchies depending on a persons age, social status, and relation. Even husbands and wives use honorifics when speaking to each other. Learning how to make formal introductions in Japanese is vital if you plan to visit the country, do business there, or even take part in ceremonies such as weddings. Something as seemingly innocuous as  saying hello at a party  comes with a strict set of social rules. The tables below can help ease you through this process. Each table includes the transliteration of the introductory word or phrase on the left, with the word or words written in Japanese letters underneath. (Japanese letters are generally written in  hiragana, which is the more widely used portion of the Japanese kana, or syllabary, having characters that are cursive.) The English translation is on the right. Formal Introductions In Japanese, there are several levels of formality. The expression, nice to meet you, is spoken very differently depending on the social status of the recipient. Note that those of a higher social status requires a longer greeting. Greetings also become shorter as the formality decreases. The table below shows how to deliver this phrase in Japanese, depending on the level of formality and/or the status of the person you are greeting. Douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu. Very formal expressionUsed to a higher Yoroshiku onegaishimasu. To a higher Douzo yoroshiku. To an equal Yoroshiku. To a lower Honorific O or Go As in English,  an  honorific  is a conventional word, title, or  grammatical  form that signals respect, politeness, or social deference. An honorific is also known as a  courtesy title  or an  address term. In Japanese,  the honorific o 㠁ŠÂ  or go 㠁” can be attached to the front of some nouns as a formal way of saying your. It is very polite.   o-kuni someone elses country o-namae someone elses name o-shigoto someone elses job go-senmon someone elses field of study There are some cases where o or go does not mean your. In these cases, the honorific o makes the word more polite. You might expect that tea, which is very important in Japan, would require an honorific o. But, even something as mundane as a toilet requires the honorific o as the table below illustrates. o-cha tea (Japanese tea) o-tearai toilet Addressing People The title san- meaning Mr., Mrs., or Miss- is used for both male and female names, followed by either the family name or the given name. It is a respectful title, so you cannot attach it your own name or to the name of one of your family members. For example, if a persons family name is  Yamada,  you would great him as  Yamada-san, which would be the equivalent of saying, Mr. Yamada. If a young, single womans name is Yoko, you would address her as  Yoko-san, which translates into English as Miss Yoko.

Astronomy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astronomy - Term Paper Example Moreover, the discovery by these spacecrafts of Jupiter’s gravity changing as well as the decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions in Io, a moon of Jupiter, led scientists to be more interested in an in-depth Jupiter exploration. Therefore, the Galileo mission was devised, whereby not only would the spacecraft orbit Jupiter, studying its environment in great detail, but it would also carry a probe that would be launched into Jupiter’s clouds and collect data. About eight hundred people worked on the Galileo mission, as per NASA’s statistics. The Galileo arrived at Jupiter approximately six years later on 7th December 1995. The spacecraft was 17 feet high, with a magnetometer boom that extended 36 feet to one side. It weighed a total of 2,223 kilograms, inclusive of the 118 kilograms of scientific instruments and 925 kilograms of propellants. The scientific instruments it carried, as listed in NASA’s website about the spacecraft, included a solid-state imaging camera, a near-infrared mapping spectrometer, an ultraviolet spectrometer, a photopolarimeter radiometer, a magnetometer, an energetic particles detector, a plasma investigation, a plasma wave subsystem, a dust detector and a heavy ion counter. The atmospheric probe that was to be launched in the atmosphere of Jupiter was 50 inches in diameter and 36 inches tall, and weighed 339 kilograms. It is noteworthy that the Galileo did not carry enough fuel for it to be able to fly directly to Jupiter; therefore, the scientists devised a technique whereby the spacecraft would be able to borrow energy from Earth as well as Venus to enable it to reach Jupiter. The flight path that was devised was named â€Å"VEEGA† – Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist. The spacecraft was to be slingshot into gathering enough momentum to be able to reach Jupiter. It was a pioneering method and it was successful. The Galileo not only made new discoveries with regards to Jupiter and

Assessment to cover m5 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment to cover m5 - Coursework Example The early microprocessors were usually 4-bits and were used in electronic calculators that used binary coded decimal. The microprocessor consists of three component units. The Arithmetic and logic unit is a digital circuit that performs all the arithmetic operations that include additions, multiplications, subtractions, and divisions, and logic operations which entail comparison operations using logic operators such as AND, OR. The control unit directs and controls the operation of other units by providing timing and control signals, it fetches and decodes machine instructions, and co-ordinates the input and output devices of a computer system. The registers act as cache memory for the microprocessor and provide the storage of data and instructions to be executed. The CPU is mounted on the motherboard (a printed circuit board that holds components of the system and provide connection to other peripheral devices) of the computer system, where other electronics are also mounted. ... The microprocessors are differentiated according to the instruction set executed, the number of bits processed in a single instruction, and the clock speed (instructions executed per second), given in megahertz (MHz). In both cases, the higher the value, the more powerful the CPU will be in terms of performance. 8-bit microprocessor An 8-bit microprocessor refers to a processor architecture that computes 8-bits as the data size. All the instructions executed by such a processor consist of 8-bits (binary digits). The arithmetic and logic unit, the internal buses, and the data processing registers are 8-bits. An 8-bit CPU can process 8 bits of data simultaneously, and its data bus consists of 8 lines to transfer data between the memory and other input/output devices. The Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that consists of instruction sets such as data moving, arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), logic (AND, OR, XOR), control transfer (both conditional an d unconditional, call subroutine, return from subroutine), setting and clearing flag bits, interrupts, stack operations and input/output instructions. This processor consists of 8-bit ALU that performs arithmetic and logic operations, the control unit, seven 8-bit general purpose registers A,B,C,D,E,H, and L, which are paired to form BC, DE, and HL. Register A is referred to as the Accumulator and it stores one operand of arithmetic and logic operation, and the results of the arithmetic and logic operations. There are two special purpose registers which are 16-bit registers, namely, the stack pointer (SP, which points to the top of the stack where data can be retrieved),

ASSIGNMENT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ASSIGNMENT 1 - Essay Example Later in the 60s and 70s overhead projectors, cameras, and most importantly, television began entering classrooms. Simultaneously, with advent of technology in each era, research was being carried to gauge its feasibility. Clark, on the basis of these studies, concludes that media does not affect learning under any conditions but it is the content that is crucial. Using the analogy of a truck, Clark projected media as a medium to transfer instruction. ‘Media attributes’, ‘symbol systems’ popularly known as animations only help in packaging the learning process (Clark, 1983). The reason why the statement was considered revolutionary is that Clark’s statement changed the way instructional media research was carried out. Instructional media research later came to be perceived as a means and not as the end of educational technology. (Jones, 1999) Though Clark does make his point when he says media is just a medium but it cannot be denied that technology has a major impact on learning. For example, a power point presentation has better recall value and helps student retain information well. Besides, students are much more tech-savvy and are more interested in various interactive forms of technology (Kimble, 1999). This highlights the need for educational technology, defined through its four perspectives: media, audio-visual, computer systems, instructional systems and design and through vocational training. Forms of media like videos, projectors and computer software play an important role in improving learning but also in understanding the application of technology. However, there has to be proper instructional system, design in place to ensure that the curricular objectives are achieved. On the other it is important for teachers to undergo vocational training to keep abreast with new technology and also understand the appli cations before they use it in

Management Leadership Across Cultures Leadership Business Essays

Management Leadership Across Cultures Leadership Business Essays In this Tourism and Hospitality module the topic given to me is Management Leadership Across cultures. In todays increasingly competitive business environment the international nature of hospitality and tourism industry requires those managers who are fully aware of many different problems relating to leadership. They really need the knowledge and skills important to lead and motivate workforce across many different cultural backgrounds, and respond to the needs and expectations of culturally diverse guests. This issue is one of the great important and very relevant to effective management of organization in a critical understanding oh the range of issues associated with management and leadership across culture. This report covers the learning outcomes 1,2 and 3- weighting 100%. Learning outcome and main aim of this study is to evaluate the (1) critically evaluate theories of leadership Motivation. (2) Critically evaluates theories relating to managing cultural diversity. (3) Compare and contrast the styles of leadership and appropriate motivation techniques across different cultures. Using the right methodology and research work this report will cover the issues raised by the research queries. 1 Introduction With the passage of time the globalization and internationalization growing at faster pace, only few successful organizations can now survive without understanding the need to work across cultures. Even if businesses or organizations are not working outside the country or with foreign persons, it would be a challenge to identify better opportunities single cultural workforce. With the help of cross-cultural business surroundings comes a need for people to be aware of how culture influences the organization. It is disappointing, as many quickly discover, the rest of the world does not do things like we do. Cultural diversity really affects the every field of organization, and no one can overlook the cultural differences. The cause of event is the leadership challenge is very hard to achieve. the Leaders of new era should have the ability to managing people of different cultures; the leaders must have the ability to listen every one and should understand the actual meaning of diversified cultural coworkers. This is the main and the core challenge which a leader faces; when people perceive the world, communicate and view their leaders in different ways, the leaders ears may be ringing with misunderstood messages. 1.1 The Leader The superior leader gets things done with very little motion. He imparts instruction not through many words but through a few deeds. He keeps informed about everything but interferes hardly at all. He is a catalyst, and though things would not get done well if he werentt there, when they succeed he takes no credit. And because he takes no credit, credit never leaves him. Lao Tse, Tao Te Ching 1Great Man Theories: Great Man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent that great leaders are born not made. 2. Trait Theories: Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. 3. Behavioral Theories: Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviorism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. 3. Contingency or Situational Theories: Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. 4. Participative Theories: Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. Theories of Motivation 1.Abraham Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory: One of the most widely mentioned theories of motivation is the hierarchy of needs theory put forth by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow saw human needs in the form of a hierarchy, ascending from the lowest to the highest, and he concluded that when one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to be a motivator. As per his theory this needs are : (i) Physiological needs : (ii) Security or Safety needs : (iii) Social needs : (iv) Esteem needs : (v) Need for self-actualization : 2- Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGregor : McGregor states that people inside the organization can be managed in two ways. The first is basically negative, which falls under the category X and the other is basically positive, which falls under the category Y. 3-Mayo Theory of Motivation Elton Mayo (1880 1949) believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social needs met whilst at work. 4-Herzberg Theory of Motivation Frederick Herzberg (1923-) had close links with Maslow and believed in a two-factor theory of motivation. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder (Motivators). However there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder (Hygienefactors) Critically Analysis of leadership Theories 1-Trait Theory: The Trait Approach came from the Great Man theory as a way of identifying the key characteristics of successful leaders. It was believed that through this approach critical leadership traits could be isolated and that people with such traits could then be recruited, selected, and installed into leadership positions. This approach was common in the military and is still used as a set of criteria to select candidates for commissions. The problem with the trait approach lies in the fact that almost as many traits as studies undertaken were identified. After several years of such research, it became apparent that no consistent traits could be identified. Although some traits were found in a considerable number of studies, the results were generally inconclusive. Some leaders might have possessed certain traits but the absence of them did not necessarily mean that the person was not a leader. 2-The Behavioral Theory The results of the trait studies were in concluded. Traits, amongst other things, were hard to measure. How, for example, do we measure traits such as honesty, integrity, loyalty, or diligence, while in this theory of leadership its very clear that the behavior of the leader is very important, its doesnt matter how intelligent he is or how educated the leader is. its the game of behavior and game of personality. This style of leadership, we can see mostly in south Asian countries or third world countries. And in my view this kind of leadership is based on idealism. 3-The Contingency Theory The behavioral theories can help the managers for developing specific leadership behaviors they give them little guidance as to what constitutes effective leadership in different scenarios. Indeed, I feel that no one leadership style is right for every manager under all circumstances. Instead, contingency-situational theories were developed to indicate that the style to be used is contingent upon such factors as the situation, the people, the task, the organization, and other environmental variables. 4- Participative Theories Participative theory may helps more to the managers rather than other above theories. The positive thing about participative style of leadership is distribute the power among the team members. Thats means the leader transfer and share the power among all the team members. This will help to make better decisions, because every team member will participate in the decision making process. In this case every team member has the importance and that thing motivate and enhance their confidence level. On the other hand if the leader transfer the power to that member who I not capable of doing assigned work than that thing can impact negatively. Critically Analysis of Motivation Theories Abraham Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory Maslows theory is not easy to test because of the nature of the subject involved, the difficulty with defining the plan or intention and only cover partly, for example between love and esteem, or physical and safety needs. Deprivation: The person who is not available in all of the basic needs containing as part of the whole being considered physiological, safety, love, and esteem would likely feel a powerful desire for food above all else. In the Maslow as a witness explain the example of a persisting for a long time or constantly recurring hungry person for whom no other interests exist beyond food: he dreams food, he remembers food, he thinks about food, he emotes only about food, he conscious of only food and he wants only food. Maslow suggested that people who experienced extreme emotional and/or physical the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society early in life may be permanently destroyed in terms of the social, esteem, and fulfillment of ones talents and potentialities needs. Individuals develop coping mechanisms in the face of ongoing stressors: in the context of chronic deprivation of basic needs, the person may break the connection from the higher needs, since they may seem causes despair out of reach. Adults who were process of moving up the hierarchy of needs as the lower needs become satisfied criticized theories that rest on especially significant details of human behavior under remarkable conditions, Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes against unknown situation from human behavior in emergencies to human behavior in more typical situations. Maslow stated a fact or belief confidently and forcefully that those who attempt to measure the goals of humanki nd based on not involving anyone behavior during extreme physiological deprivation is used to emphasize being blind to many things .it is important to observe human behavior under more normal circumstances in order to develop a generally applicable theory that is not distorted by reaching a high environments. Maslows theory of the hierarchy of human needs make an effort to achieve an account for the experience of the persisting for a long time or constantly recurring hungry and the chronically satisfied within the same model, but the models structure does not allow enough flexibility to account for the extremes of satisfaction and the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society as well as the normal experiences of the general population. Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGregor This lasting legacy of McGregors The Human Side of Enterprise and his Theory X and Y is that it shows how far management thinking has come. Objecting to the dominance of Theory X in the workplace of the time, McGregor noted that if there is a single assumption that pervades conventional organization theory, it is that authority is the central, indispensable means of managerial control. McGregor then put forward an available as another possibility or choice the art of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other. Theory Y was based on the opposite set of assumptions, namely that people need not only to work but want to work. Under Theory Y, the worker finds that mental and physical effort at work are as natural as it is not working or occupied; that belonging to control and threats are not the single means of control in a company; that the average human learn s not only to accept but to attempt to find responsibility; and that most of us have a fully occupying the available area to display a high degree of forming new ideas, and original in sorting out problems. It is true that neither of McGregors two polar opposites are achievable in any organization. Even the most swollen and distended or congested corporate giant has human spirit remain hidden within it, while the most off-beam creative firms require an organization a set of ideas. McGregor recognized this fact and was busy by the terms of a will a hybrid of organizational human try hard to achieve some thing, theory Z, when he died. Mayo Theory of Motivation Mayo theory of motivation has described that treating with people as human is important. The manager Should give them self respect and importance, this is an effective tool for the people who work in an organization. But the negative aspect of this theory is that mayo has forgotten about the basic needs and one of them is money. Only the self respect is not enough other things also matters. In my opinion the mayo theory of motivation is competitively less effective that other theories of motivation. Herzberg Theory of Motivation Herzberg has discussed two factor here in my view Hygiene factors avoid job dissatisfaction, for example the company polices really matters. Are they helpful to the workers, how the administration is working, what leadership style they have? If both company policy and administration is worker friendly than it really helpful to the workers and motivates them, there few other factors which have the importance is supervision, interpersonal relationship, working conditions, salary, status and security. these are the factors if they are shown preferably in the company policies that can really motivate the employees. While in Motivation Factor work condition related to the satisfaction of the need for psychological growth, job enrichment and leads to superior performance effort Motivation-Hygiene Combinations (Motivation = M, Hygiene = H) Managing Cultural Diversity Organizations around the world has been recognizing the cultural diversity within organization is not a contradict aspect, rather can assist an organizational pursue for glory. However it is not an easy task to manage employees with different cultural backgrounds. Nevertheless there are so many policy guidelines that can make a piece of work simplified. On a wide perspective, cultural diversity can be manage through communicating (creating awareness among all employees about diverse values of peers through communication), cultivating (facilitating acknowledgement, support and encouragement of any employee success by all other workers), and capitalizing (linking diversity to every business touch on and strategy such as succession planning, restructuring, employee motivation, performance management and review, and pay back systems) strategies Analysis of Cultural Diversity in UK Top British companies are focusing on the staff with culturally diverse backgrounds as a prospective asset in performance teams. The culturally diverse teams can actually perform better as well as more sense of creativity than teams made up of people with same backgrounds. The many studies showed by psychologists is that the prime creativity of such teams is usually achieved at some expense to performance, while performance from homogeneous teams is usually at the cost of creativity. The survey of 65 companies, from the top 200 British companies, and their attitudes to cultural diversity revealed some regarded as likely to happen results. For example, companies which have a management of diversity policy are not importantly those which have noticeably increased the comparative measurements of their workforce with diverse backgrounds. Their top management is have power and influence over as much by white males (86 per cent) as companies with no diversity policy (87 per cent). But companies with active diversity policies are more likely to have brought in flexible work arrangements help with Chiltern, paternity leave and career breaks. They put a high priority on managing diversity along with other business tasks like Investors in People, business efficiencies and total quality management. And these companies are more engaged in campaigns that advance the induce of minorities. Reasons advanced by companies which do not have a circumstantial policy included: financial (not enough resources); managers not recognizing the importance of diversity as a business issue; some companies seeing no need to focus on being a fair and evenhanded employer, or, in one company, specifically avoiding following especially one that is short-lived . Benefits of Cultural Diversity For producing desired results multi-cultural managed companies have cost effective competitive advantage. It helps in boosting minority friendly reputation among progressive employees. Diverse cultural corporations help to get the best customers which have a variety of people. Diverse group of employees are seems to be more creative and efficient in problem solving as compared to similar group. Ability to manage cultural diversity increases adaptability and flexibility of an organization to environmental changes. Culture and Leadership Since World War II, globalization has been advancing throughout the world. Globalization is the increased interdependence (economic, social, technical, and political) between nations. People are becoming more interconnected. There is more international trade, cultural exchange, and use of worldwide telecommunication systems. In the last 10 years, our schools, organizations, and communities have become far more global than in the past. Increased globalization has created many challenges, including the need to design effective multinational organizations, to identify and select appropriate leaders for these entities, and to manage organizations with culturally diverse employees. Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership performance. Globalization has also created the need for leaders to become competent in cross-cultural awareness and practice. Differences in Middle Eastern and Western Management Management dimensions Middle Eastern Management Western Management Leadership Highly authoritarian tone, not flexible instructions, too many management directives Less emphasis on leaders personality, considerable weight on leaders style and performance Organizational structure Highly Bureaucratic over centralized, with power and authority at the top, uncertain relationship, unclear and unpredictable organization environment. Less bureaucratic, more delegation of authority, Relatively decentralized structure. Performance evaluation and control Informal control mechanisms, routine checks on performance. lack uncertain performance evaluation system Fairly advanced control systems on cost reduction and organizational effectiveness Personnel Policies Heavy reliance on personal contacts and getting individual form the right social origin to fill major positions Sound personal management policies. Can debates qualification are usually the basis for selection decisions. Styles of leadership and appropriate motivation techniques across different cultures Leadership style influence level of motivation. However, throughout a lifetime, mans motivation is influenced by changing ambitions and/or leadership style he works under or socializes with. Command-and-control leadership drains off ambition while worker responsibility increases ambition. Styles of leadership Vs motivation techniques Leadership Style Motivation Type Motivation is Based on: Personality Type Efficiency Limited supervision Worker with decision making responsibility Self motivated Creativity Leader of ideas or people. Independent Achiever Thrives on change High Team motivated Mixed styles Goal motivated Opportunity Personality type and efficiency depends on leaders skill and/or the work environment hes created. Reward motivated Materialism Recognition motivated Social status High level of supervision Command-and-control Peer motivated To be like others Status quo Dependency Resist change Low Authority motivated Follows policy Threat, fear motivated Reacts to force Self-motivated or visionaries will not admit authority controlled environments. They will find a way to escape if trapped. In a team-motivated environment, dependency types will become inspired and strive to be acceptable with independent thinking coworkers. Associates influence the level of individual motivation. Criteria According to my research and evolution relating to the theories about Leadership, Motivation and cultural diversity is very optimistic. The above said theories are research based and really beneficial for the hotel and tourism industry. Now I will explain what are the things which will help the hotel and tourism industry to grow and flourish. Employees must know the primary aim of the organization. Remove those obstacles which stop employees performing to best effect. Motivate the staff by financial rewards, status, praise and acknowledgment, competition, job security, public recognition, fear, perfectionism, results. Use the participative style of leadership and empowered the employees. Avoid those things which can demotivate the team. Like company has made redundancies, imposed a recruitment freeze or lost a number of key people this will have an effect on motivation. Conduct the survey to check, who is most motivated and why? What lessons can an employee learn from patches of high and low motivation in the company? Its important that company goals and employee goals should be aliened or not. You may find employees are highly motivated but about the wrong priorities. Its important to realize the employees that they feel safe, loyal, valued and taken care of. Ask them what would improve their loyalty and commitment. Involve employees in company development. Its important for the company to match their internal image with its external one. Like Your Company may present itself to the world as the forward thinking technology family hotel chain. Your employees would have been influenced, and their expectations set, to this image when they joined your company. By adding coaching tools and motivation principles to their capabilities we should find the job of leading those around us, and/or helping others to do the same, more of a joyful and rewarding activity. Instead of spending all their time and energy pushing and cajoling (in the belief that your peoples motivation must come from you) you will be able to focus on leading your team, and enabling them to achieve their full potential themselves. About Hyatt Hyatt is a global hospitality company with widely recognized, industry leading brands and a tradition of innovation developed over their more than fifty-year history. Hyatt mission is to provide authentic hospitality by making a difference in the lives of the people they touch every day. Hyatt focus on this mission in pursuit of their goal of becoming the most preferred brand in each segment that they serve for their associates, guests, and owners. Hyatt support their mission and goal by adhering to a set of core values that characterizes their culture. Hyatt manage, franchise, own and develop Hyatt branded hotels, resorts and residential and vacation ownership properties around the world. As of March 31, 2010, the companys worldwide portfolio consisted of 434 properties. Hyatt History Hyatt Hotels Resorts opened its first property, a small motor hotel at the Los Angeles International Airport, in 1957 and its portfolio quickly grew to include several other modest hotels along the West Coast and in Chicago over the next ten years. In 1967, Hyatt opened its first major John Portman designed hotel, Hyatt Regency Atlanta , in Georgia, which featured a space-age design with a dramatic, 21-story atrium lobby. The revolutionary architecture spawned scores of atrium lobbies around the world, effectively changing the course of the lodging industry and reshaping the Hyatt brand as an innovative and significant global hospitality leader . By 1969, 13 Hyatt hotels were in operation throughout the United States. That same year, the company launched Hyatt Regency Hong Kong , establishing Hyatt International Corporation . Over the next ten years, the companys portfolio of hotels began to expand and diversify rapidly, and in 1980 the company introduced the Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt brands, and also solidified its entry into the luxury resort market with the opening of Hyatt Regency Maui Resort Spa in Hawaii. Hyatt Regency London -The Churchill Hyatt Regency London The Churchill provides a wide range of services guaranteed to satisfy the needs of the most discerning guests. The fully equipped Business Centre provides business Motivational Tools Used by Hyatt Employee motivation is given a very special consideration at Hyatt. The top level management of the hotel believe on the theory of Z(Japanese school of thought)In Hyatt the employees salaries are not as much high so it is because of the motivation which keep the employees enthusiastic and dedicated to their jobs as they are working with their family members. For keep motivating their employees some managers also work with the employees like as they do. We reached in laundry department; the laundry manager was working as like lowest or middle level employees. Related manager Really take much care of every employees family matters and try to help them, because they know that the employee who have problems cant work effectively. In Hyatt they usually give the promotion from within organization relating to the employees previous performance. Promotions are confer on the performance basis. This performance base motivates employees to work hard and achieve the goals, which are very objecti ve and are conscious of achievable by most of the employees. Managers play an important role in motivating employees as they give them the in time feedback about their daily official work. They also help them for solving different problems, which can be job related or professional life problems. Working environment and challenging targets are a major factor in employee motivation at Hyatt. The hotel has reward system which includes monetary awards such as, Employee of the Month award Employee of the Year Award TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT At Hyatt on the job training is given the utmost importance Hyatt have a performance evaluation system. They evaluate employees jobs, personalities and performance. Job are evaluated by their immediate managers and counter signed by the senior management. They also identify lacking after discussion with the relevant employee. On the basis of evaluation they identify the areas where the employees are lacking behind and they suggest recommendation for training. They use a performance appraisal form and use a different dimensions for evaluate performance. As they are the market leader so we need to have skilled and well trained staff. Their every waiter or room server knows the a bit Asian languages because their most of the guest are from foreigners. They believe in cross culture. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS Benefits: They have a regular analysis system and a performance appraisal method. For this they have committees who meet once in a month to discuss the performance of all the employees. They have performance appraisal method which we conduct 2 times annually for the new employee and annually for the old one and give them increment and benefits.  ¨ Bonuses  ¨ Annual Increments Rules and Regulation Policies Pays: Payday is last day of every month. Overtime is double the hourly rate of pay WORK SCHEDULE 9 work hours in one shift One day off during the week BRTESKS AND MEAL PERIODS 1 meal and 2 tea breaks in one shift 30 min for lunch/dinner. 15 min for each tea/breakfast Meals in staff cafeteria only. LEAVE Casual(Maximum 3) Sick(Medical certificate for 3 or more) Earned(Minimum 7) EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION SURVEY Hyatt Hotel conducts an Employee Satisfaction survey on annual basis. The Survey targets permanent employees of Hyatt with a view to determine their current satisfaction level on various categories. This survey mainly focuses on the following objectives: To measure, learn and improve the organization performance To ensure that the employees are moving in the right direction in order to fit in the future To listen and build upon the feedback from all employees To ensure that we are creating a successful working environment in which innovation can thrive Commitment of the top management to follow up on the employee satisfaction level This year the survey result is more than 80% satisfaction level. Hyatt conducted this survey with the help of a private firm. The top management of Hyatt feels that it is important that they keep the employees motivated and take initiatives to increase their satisfaction level Leadership at Hyatt LEADERSHIP STYLE The Hyatt general manager of the company is at the topmost position in the organizational hierarchy; Even though he is not directly involved in its operations he is responsible for taking major company decisions regarding the policy and Operations. Departmental managers are responsible for leading and controlling their subordinates. These leaders focus on their respective fields. Increasing their employees efficiency Empowerment Resolving Conflict Providing facilities Managers motivate minimum-wage employees Directing them to right way Motivation At Hyatt encouraging the employees to give new ideas so as to increase the customer satisfaction. In Hyatt there is a high degree of delegation and participation so they believe that the leadership style used in all the departments of Hyatt is democratic. Subordinates are given a fair treatment and are dealt in a very good manner so as to give them a feeling that you are not only an employee but also a member of the family. The managers at Hyatt are very supportive as they treat subordinates as equals, and have a highly open communication system. They are participative since they encourage the involvement of the employees in decision-making and make use of group discussions. However, some monetary and non-monetary rewards are used to create a high involvement from the employees especially at the lower level. THESE ARE SOME THINGS WHICH CAN BE DON